In Richard Wright’s story “Big Black Good Man,” metaphors
and similes appear in various places and function in a variety of ways. Examples include
the following:
- Early in the story, a student
complains about the weather in Denmark by saying, “’This dampness keeps me clogged up
like a drain pipe.’” This simile (a comparison using “like” or
“as”) helps characterize the student as a somewhat imaginative person and
makes the phrasing more vivid than it would have been if the final four words were
missing. - Shortly thereafter, Olaf Jenson, a Danish night
porter, refers to his tenants as his “children.” This metaphor (a
comparison not using “like” or “as” and thus implying almost an identity between the two
things compared) helps characterize Jenson as an apparently caring man
and reminds us that he regrets that he and his wife never had children. The effect
would be much weaker if he had said that his tenants were “like” his children or if he
had said that they were “almost” his children. By calling them his children, he gives
much more force to the comparison. - At one point, a black
person is described as “a huge black thing” – a metaphor that compares a human being, in
the strongest possible terms, with something non-human, even non-living. This metaphor
shows how language can be used to dehumanize
others. - Shortly thereafter, another metaphor is used to
describe the black person as a “black giant.” The phrasing would be less powerful if
Wright had written that the man “looked like a giant” or “was as big as a giant.”
Instead, the phrase “black giant” again suggests that this person is non-human or is at
least extremely unusual. - As the narrator strains to
describe the black man’s appearance, similes
abound:
His chest bulged like a barrel; his rocklike and
humped shoulders hinted of mountain ridges; the stomach ballooned like a threatening
stone and the legs were like telephone
poles.
The similes used here
imply that plain, non-figurative language cannot do justice to the man’s build or to the
astonishment it evokes from Olaf.
- The metaphor
“ballooned” is soon followed by another metaphor, in which the unexpected visitor is
called a “black cloud,” which suggests his size and perhaps the possibility of a storm
(thus echoing the earlier phrase “threatening stone”). This same sentence also contains
another simile, comparing the visitor to a buffalo; yet another simile, comparing the
visitor to an advancing storm; and a somewhat shocking metaphor in which the man is
treated as a thing when the narrator refers to “its
head.”
All in all, most of the similes and
metaphors just noted have the following
effects:
- they alter the previously calm, placid
mood the story - they create suspense by suggesting the
possibility of danger - they make us wonder how the
narrator expects us to react to such figurative language, especially the language that
seems dehumanizing
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