What was the organization of the constitution?

The Constitution of the United States was organized into
major sections known as articles.  There are seven articles in the Constitution.  The
first three articles each deals with a different branch of our system of government. 
Each article sets out the powers that its branch of government has and how the members
of that branch will be selected.  The other four articles deal with more miscellaneous
issues.  The fourth is generally about the rights of the states, the fifth about how the
Constitution can be amended, the sixth about the powers of the federal government and
the final article about how the document is to be
ratified.

After the original Constitution, there are the
amendments to that Constitution.  The first ten of these amendments deal with the rights
that are most fundamental to society.  These ten amendments collectively are known as
the Bill of Rights.  There are currently 27th amendments to the
Constitution.

What does the playwright of Amadeus try to get across to the audience?

I think that Shaffer accomplishes his end goal in bringing
out a complexity and depth to both principals in the work.  The audience is left to
muddle through the newly established intricacy of both Mozart and Salieri.  Mozart can
be still seen as a musical genius and pioneer, but there is more to him after Shaffer's
depiction is complete.  One sees him in a sad and almost tragic light.  The fame and
praise that is worthy of him is something he never fully appreciates.  His genius is
stunted by the social blight he received and also brought upon himself.  Mozart is
revealed to be as complex as one of his own musical masterpieces where there is more
than one element being pursued.  At the same time, Salieri is seen as more than simply
"good" or "bad."  One sees him as one driven to do terrible things out of a source of
goodness.  Salieri's evil ends is motivated by a worship of music, a love of God, and a
desire to be the best.  In each of these lies virtuous actions, and yet, all three
collude to drive Salieri to destroy Mozart.  It is here where Schaffer makes it very
clear that there can be a distinct difference between human being and artist and we, as
the audience, are left to sort out which has or holds more
value.

What did the Puritan colonists' understanding of themselves reveal about the founding cultures of the New World.

The most important aspect of the Puritan colonists'
understanding of themselves is the fact that they felt they were meant to create a "city
on a hill" that would be an example for the rest of the world.  This fact shows us that
this "founding culture," at least, saw itself as superior to other cultures.  It also
shows that the Puritans felt that they were both able to and obliged to create a perfect
society on earth.

There are at least two important results
of this that can be seen in both the short and long terms of American history.  First,
there is a tendency to see our own culture as superior to that of others.  That has, one
can argue, led to such things as the eradication of most Native Americans and to much
later efforts to spread democracy around the world.  Second, there is an abiding belief
in reform in the US.  From some of the earliest days of our country, we have believed
that we can arrange things so that our society and culture can become more and more
perfect.  This has informed such movements as the abolitionist movement and
Prohibition.

In these ways Puritan colonists' understanding
of themselves helps us understand more about the "founding culture" of our
nation.

Why do we need a government?

Lets say we took laws away for one day, and on that day a
person could commit any crime and suffer no consequences from it. Any crime, theft,
murder, ect.

Imagine what this day would be like, mass
killings, destruction, and so on.

If there was no
government, life would be like this. No rules, no laws, no
protection.

Describe how being fit can help your immune system?

Being physically fit allows the body to function at peak
capacity, with all systems functioning effectively, including circulation, respiration,
circulation, digestion, elimination and neurological function. Being overweight or obese
places strain upon the bones, the heart, the joints and often the digestive system
functions less efficiently in obese persons due to the presence of toxins and/or poor
diet. Lack of physical fitness may also mean the body's circulatory system is not
working efficiently, since lack of exercise means less oxygen moving through the blood.
The organs of elimination also function less efficiently when there is a lack of
physical activity as well: the skin is an example of one of the organs of elimination
that benefits from exercise. The body needs to perspire to eliminate toxins to help
protect against infection, and lack of exercise usually means less opportunity to
perspire. Exercise also helps regulate body temperature by temporarily raising it and
then forcing the body to perspire to cool off, and the regulation of body temperature
helps bolster immunity.

Isn't Rodrigo more suitable for Desdamona than Othello?We need people who love us. I think Rodrigo loves Desdamona than Othello do.

At the beginning of Shakespeare's play
Othello, we learn that Roderigo had courted Desdemona.    Roderigo
is an aristocrat and a Venetian.  But these are his only two qualifications as a
potential husband for Desdemona.

Roderigo is a dupe, a
fool, a bungler.   He is in no way equal to Desdemona in intelligence.  He is easily
manipulated by Iago:

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"Thus do I ever make my fool my
purse."

He is unable to hold
his own against Cassio, who beats him up soundly in Act 2; his attempt to murder Cassio
fails in Act 5.

Roderigo pursues Desdemona in a
stalker-like way.  Even after she has married someone else, Roderigo will not let her
go, but with Iago's seeming help tries to break up the marriage.  Later when Iago
convinces him that Desdemona is in love with Cassio while still being married to
Othello, Roderigo incredibly still thinks he can win Desdemona's love.  Despite all
indications to the contrary, Roderigo thinks he has a chance with Desdemona.  Roderigo's
infatuation/obsession can hardly be called love.

Early in
the play, we learn that Brabantio had declined to entertain Roderigo as a suitor for
Desdemona:

"My
daughter is not for
thee."

Brabantio is right.
 Roderigo is not intelligent enough, brave enough, or moral enough for the almost
angelic Desdemona.  No, Desdemona chose correctly.  Othello is brave, noble, honorable,
respected,  smart.  Unfortunately he is also trusting and passionate.  It is these
traits that Iago uses to turn what is a beautiful relationship into a tragic one.  Even
Iago admits that without Iago's interference,  Othello would prove to be a "most dear
husband" to Desdemona.

What is Curley's wifes downfall?Quotes from the book supporting the evidence.

The only woman depicted in John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice
and Men is not even named. In fact, she is simply only known as Curley's wife. This fact
alone has caused critic to examine the text using a Feminist's
lens.

That being said, Curley's wife is depicted as having
a downfall during the novel. One simply justify that the sole place in the novel which
depicts this downfall happens as Curley's wife is detailing her
history.

He
says he was gonna put me in the movies. Says I was a natural. Soon’s he got back to
Hollywood he was gonna write to me about it.” She looked closely at Lennie to see
whether she was impressing him. “I never got that letter,” she said. “I always thought
my ol’ lady stole it. Well, I wasn’t gonna stay no place where I couldn’t get nowhere or
make something of myself, an’
where they stole your letters, I ast her if she
stole it, too, an’ she says no. So I married
Curley.

One, based upon this
excerpt from the text, one could see her downfall came in life when she failed to make
it in "the movies." If she would have made it into pictures, she would not have married
Curley and spend the rest of her life on the ranch.

Another
downfall could be justified by the way that she acts around the men on the ranch. Curley
is always looking for her because he is fearful that she may be fooling around with
another man on the ranch. This is seen multiple times throughout the novel when Curley
is looking for his wife.

In the end, Curley's wife would
have only been given a name if she would have made it into movies. Now, broken and
unhappy with her life, she only has the continuous downfall to live
with.

According to Guns, Germs, and Steel what happened first: domestication of plants or domestication of mammals?

According to Diamond, people domesticated plants before
they domesticated mammals.

One way to see this is to look
at Tables 9.3 and 5.1.  These give the dates for earliest attested dates of
domestication.  Table 5.1 tells us that domestication occurred in Southwest Asia by 8500
BC.  Meanwhile, Table 9.3 tells us that sheep and goats were first domesticated in 8000
BC.  This shows that the plants must have been domesticated
first.

However, the domestication of animals did help to
improve the cultivation of domesticated plants.  Diamond tells us in Chapter 4 that the
domestication of large animals helped to increase crop production because of such things
as animals' ability to pull plows and their production of manure that could be used as
fertilizer.

Diamond tells us, then, that plants were
domesticated first, but that the domestication of animals also helped to make plant
domestication more economically productive.

Mary Tyrone's obsession with her past ruined her present.Commentplz answer in detail

In Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into
Night, Mary Tyrone cannot find happiness in the present because she is
emotionally stuck in the past. She constantly thinks about her girlhood, before she met
James Tyrone, and wonders whether her life would have turned out differently had she
never met him. Her life was simpler then. She lived in the convent and was happy there.
She was also becoming a skilled pianist. Now, with an alcoholic husband who has not
provided her with the home-life she expected, two alcoholic sons who both turned out to
be disappointments, as well as her own morphine addiction, it is easy to see that she
will never be able to return to those past, idyllic days.

What kind of punishment does Pip expect for striking the young man in Chapter 12 of Great Expectations?

The way in which the young Pip is haunted by fears of
being punished for hsi various misdemeanours as he sees them is really rather pitiful,
but it does serve to highlight the theme of crime and punishment, and how Pip's life was
tained by his association with Magwitch in the initial chapter, and how his act of theft
in stealing food for Magwitch is something that overshadows the rest of his
life.

As Chapter Twelve opens, we are presented with a Pip
that is terrified of the possible repercussions of his fight with the young man. Pip
feels that "the pale young gentleman's blood was on my head, and that the Law would
avenge it." Although he is unsure of what specific punishment might be awaiting him, his
conscience tortures him with the inevitability of some form of punishment, as the
following quote demonstrates:

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Without having any definite idea of the
penalties I had incurred, it was clear to me that village boys could not go stalking
about the country, ravaging the houses of gentlefolks and pitching into the studious
youth of England, without laying themselves open to severe punishment. For some days, I
even kept close at home, and looked out of the kitchen door with the greatest caution
and trepidation before going on an errand, lest the officers of the County Jail should
pounce upon me.

We can see
through this description of Pip's fear the way that guilt and his terror of punishment
and being caught dominated his life. Notions of wrongdoing and crime are something to
which Pip is extremely susceptible. Although the precise punishment is therefore not
detailed, we can see the way that the fear of punishment itself was a force that
governed Pip's life for a while.

What is Orwell's argument in this essay? How does he make this argument?I am having issues understanding the story in general

Shooting an Elephant, by George
Orwell – the nom de plume of Eric Blair – is a political essay
masquerading as a short story. Set in Burma, now Myanmar, in its final years as a
British colony, it is on one level the first person account of a low-ranking official
compelled to shoot a ‘wild’ elephant. But on a deeper level, it is Orwell’s trenchant
argument against British imperialism. Summoned to simply investigate a rampaging
elephant, the narrator too late realizes that in order to save the appearance of the
British Raj and appease the Burmese mob shadowing him, he will have to shoot the animal.
The hapless elephant, doomed both by the bloodlust of the natives and the helplessness
of the official, symbolizes Orwell’s powerful critique of the futility of the imperial
project in the East.

What are two literary devices used in Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility?

One literary device Jane Austen uses in Sense
and Sensibility is didacticism. The didactic
novel was a popular form in the 1790s, which compared two ideologies and preached that
one was right and one was wrong. In the case of Sense and
Sensibility, Austen used didacticism to preach that the emotionally
uncontrolled perspective taught by the Romantic movement is the wrong way to live your
life, while governing your emotions through prudence and rational thought is the correct
way.

Austen's classic use of irony can also be found in
Sense and Sensibility. For instance, Dramatic
Irony can be seen in Marianne's claim that love can only happen once. We
see this claim of Marianne's made when Colonel Brandon asks Elinor if "her sister...does
not believe in second attachments" (Ch. 11). Later during the story Marianne's
perspective comes back to haunt her when, not only does Colonel Brandon fall in love
with her after being brokenhearted, but Marianne falls in love with Colonel Brandon even
after having her heart broken by Willoughby.

What is the connection between the whole story of To Kill a Mockingbird and birds?

Harper Lee uses bird symbolism throughout To
Kill a Mockingbird, establishing the mockingbird as a symbol of innocence
after Jem and Scout receive air rifles for Christmas. Atticus tells Jem to shoot all the
blue jays he wants,

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"... but remember, it's a sin to kill a
mockingbird."

Miss Maudie
elaborates Atticus' warning when she explains to Scout
that

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"Mockingbirds don't do one thing but make music
for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't
do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That's why it's a sin to kill a
mockingbird."

When death is
eminent for Tim Johnson, the mad dog who Atticus is forced to kill, the innocent
"mockingbirds were silent," as if already in mourning for the loss of a fellow animal.
As the jury prepares to give their verdict, Scout senses that
the

...
atmosphere in the courtroom was exactly the same as a cold February morning, when the
mockingbirds were still...

No
birds sing for Tom, the innocent victim of malicious charges by the Ewells. After Tom's
death, B. B. Underwood's editorial likened Tom's killing
to

... the
senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and
children.

Even Scout
recognizes the validity of Atticus' warning after Sheriff Tate decides to call Bob
Ewell's death self-inflicted. Charging Boo Radley--another of the novel's innocent human
mockingbirds--with Bob's death would have been

"... like
shootin' a mockingbird." 

Lee established her bird
symbolism with the main characters, the Finch family. The finch, like a mockingbird, is
a songbird whose main purpose is to sing and make people happy. Most of the children in
the novel are symboized as human mockingbirds--innocent kids who are forced to witness
the evil around them; Tom and Boo are other human mockingbirds, both innocent men
accused of crimes they did not commit.

Discuss the plant symbolism in A Raisin in the Sun. What are some specific examples.

Mama Younger compares her life to the straggly plant. The
plant is alive but it has faced extremely difficult growing conditions. It has trouble
finding sunlight. It has weathered the storms and is hanging on, but its growth has been
hindered by the rough conditions of trying to survive in the small
apartment.

Mama Younger can be compared to the plant. She
too has weathered the storm. She has trouble growing in the harsh conditions she has
lived through. Trying to find the light of day has been a challenge. Mama Younger has
lived a hard life. She lives in the crowded apartment. She struggles to make a living.
She watches her son as his dream falls apart. She is worried about his negative attitude
on life. Her heart breaks right along with her son's heart as his dream falls
apart.

Mama Younger watches her grandson fall asleep on the
sofa every night because there is not a room in the apartment for him. Mama Younger has
endured the storm as Ruth and Walter grow apart. She worries about her children. She
dreams right along with her children. She hopes that the insurance money will alleviate
some of the financial burdens she endures. She desires to send her daughter to college
to be a doctor.

All that Mama Younger can do is exist. She,
like the straggly plant, barely hangs on in life. Like the plant, there is no depth for
her roots. She lives a shallow existence. Mama worries that her children are becoming
bitter by the harsh existence they live. She worries about their character that is being
affected because of the bitter circumstances they face in life:

At this
point, she recognizes that her family's enemy has been transferred from their culture to
their own hearts. Mama is clearly the source of the family's strength as well as its
soul.

Like the straggly
plant, Mama Younger will survive. She is the backbone of the family. She holds the
family together. She will make it. She will see brighter days. She will grow and bloom
in a better neighborhood. The plant and Mama are survivors. They endure harsh conditions
and continue to grow. When Mama Younger moves into the new neighborhood, she can spread
her roots and grow. Like the straggly plant, Mama will have a new life in the new
neighborhood.

How would the "polluter-pays principle" apply to the case of mobile-source air pollution?

I suppose forms of transport would be an example of
mobile-source air pollution, in particular looking at air travel. Well, this is a very
interesting case to apply to the "polluter-pays principle," as you put it. I think I am
right in saying that some countries are already talking about imposing a "green tax" on
the cost of tickets that will mean that those who are travelling by air will have to pay
more to take into account the pollution that is being caused by their travel. However,
to my mind, this does not go far enough, as the real people who should be having to pay
something is the airline itself. Perhaps there should be a law forcing them to invest a
certain amount of their profits into environmental relief or some kind of green energy
research.

I suppose the same could be said for shipping
companies who transport vast quantities of goods both within countries and between them
by road. Maybe we should have to pay more for products that have to be shipped this way,
but also maybe the companies themselves that do the shipping should be forced to pay for
the pollution that they are causing. It is a difficult moral issue in a sense, because
such companies wouldn't exist if we didn't want such services, so maybe we should all
have to pay a price that reflects the environmental impact of such
activities.

How does Steinbeck present power in 'Of Mice and Men'?I looking for the techniques he uses to show us who has power and who is powerless.

In the novel Of Mice and Men , by
John Steinbeck, the theme of "power" is illustrated through the characters of the story
by showing how limited, or not, some people are in the quest of reaching their ultimate
dream. 

Basically, Steinbeck tells us that every single man
in the farm is literally powerless. This is evident in that none of the men seem to be
able to leave the farm and start a new life for themselves, not even Slim with all his
good qualities.

Contrastingly, Steinbeck awards the
"powers" in the story to Curley's father, to Curley, and to Curley's wife. Their power,
however, does not come from the characters' own abilities and strength: The only way
they can exert power over the field hands is through harassment, abuse, or through work.
Other than that, we find that Curley and his wife are equally powerless to make anything
in their lives better.

Although money seems to be the most
powerful element of the story (since all the men seem to need a lot of it), the real
power the farm hands wish to have is the power to become free: From hunger, from the
farm, from the hard work, from isolation, and from injustice. Power is a force that has
shut down inside of each of them, making them unable to produce any change in their
lives. Therefore, although Steinbeck is clear in that the injustices of society make it
harder for the typical man to attain the American Dream, the story is clear that these
men were basically trapped in an unhappy place, learning to survive day by
day.

How is the theme of imprisionment depicted throughout "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"?

Note the way that the theme of imprisonment enters this
excellent poem immediately after the Mariner shoots the albatross. Note the way in which
the action of the Mariner effectively imprisons the sailors on the ship, as the mystical
absence of any wind prevents them from moving:

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Day after day, day after
day,

We stuck, nor breath nor
motion;

As idle as a painted
ship

Upon a painted
ocean.

This imprisonment is
something that lasts for a very long time, until after the Mariner's curse is expiated.
Note the way that he, after all of his fellow sailors die, is imprisoned on the ship by
himself and left to face the ghoulish and nightmarish events that happen around him.
Even after he gets back safely to land, and watches the destruction of his ship, he is
still "imprisoned" as he bears the burden of his experiences, and feels doomed to live
his life wandering around recounting his tale:

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I pass, like night, from land to
land;

I have strange power of
speech;

That moment that his face I
see,

I konw the man that must hear
me:

To him my tale I
teach.

From the moment that
the Mariner shoots the albatross, therefore, it is obvious that he suffers a feeling of
imprisonment. Firstly this is based on the lack of wind that prevents the ship from
moving anywhere, and then secondly the way in which his experiences are not forgotten
and compel him to wander around the earth and recount his tale.

What process do I use to find the missing numbers in a geometric sequence, when there are not two consecutive numbers? For example:81, __, __, __,...

In geometric progression we know
that:

an = a1* r^(n-1)

such
that (an) is any term in the progression, a1 is the first term, and r is the common
difference.

In the first
example:

Given a1=
81

==> a5 = 1

Then we
will need to find the common difference r , then we will calculate the other
terms.

==> a5 = a1*
r^4

==> 1=
81*r^4

==> r^4 =
1/81

==> r = +-1/3

Now
since we have 2 values for r, then we have two possible
sequences.

==> When r=
1/3

==> a1=
81

==> a2= 81*1/3  =
27

==> a3= 81*1/3^2 =
9

==> a4= 81*1/3^3 =
3

==> a5 = 81^1/3^4 =
1

==> The sequence is: 81, 27, 9, 3, 1
with a common difference r= 1/3

Now when r=
-1/3

==> a1=
81

==> a2= 81*-1/3 =
-27

==> a3= 81*(-1/3)^2 =
9

==> a4= 81*(-1/3)^3 =
-3

==> a5= 81*(-1/3)^4 =
1

Then the sequence is: 81, -27, 9, -3, 1
with the common difference r=
-1/3

 

Now
for the example number 2:

a1=
9/4

a4= 2/3

We will determine
r.

==> a4=
a1*r^3

==> 2/3 = 9/4 *
r^3

==> r^3 =
8/27

==> r= 2/3

Then
the common difference is 2/3

==> a1=
9/4

==> a2= 9/4* 2/3 =
3/2

==> a3= 9/4 * (2/3)^2 =
1

==> a4= 9/4* (2/3)^3 =
2/3

==> a5= 9/4*(2/3)^4 =
4/9

Then the sequence is: 9/4, 3/2, 1, 2/3,
4/9  which common difference r= 2/3

What are the cost(s) associated with the power Macbeth achieves in Macbeth?

This is a really novel way to look at the character of
Macbeth and his rise to power. Although Macbeth definitely does achieve the greatness
and the position of power that he wanted, the play gives testimony to the way in which
he pays a terrible price for this ambition and rise to power. If his haunted soliloquies
in Act I aren't a clear enough indication of the way that ambition is destroying him,
his response in Act II scene 2 after killing Duncan clearly points towards the way that
his crime and evil is literally eating him up. One way in which this is shown is the
insomnia that plagues Macbeth. Note what he says to his wife after killing
Duncan:

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Methought, I heard a voice cry, "Sleep no
more!

Macbeth does murder Sleep,"--the innocent
Sleep;

Sleep, that knits up the ravell'd sleave of
care,

The death of each day's life, sore labour's
bath,

Balm of hurt minds, great Nature's second
course,

Chief nourisher in life's
feast;--

Not being able to
enjoy sleep and its restorative benefits is a key way in which Macbeth is shown to pay a
terrible price for his rise to power. You might also like to analyse the way in which,
as Macbeth continues on his course, he becoms increasingly isolated, even from his
partner in crime, Lady Macbeth. Also, consider the way in which he is tortured by the
nebulous and equivocal prophecies that the witches give him.

Tell me about role of youth in oil conservation, including some major points to write in an essay.

The younger generation in America is the first one to
become drivers in a world and an educational system that is aware of Global Warming and
the resulting Climate Change, so they have a greater role in conservation than previous
generations, even though all humans should be responsible for
conservation.

Some points to include in your essay is to
establish responsible driving and transportation habits early on, including driving fuel
efficient vehicles, avoiding unnecessary trips, carpooling, and especially, using mass
transit and walking whenever possible.

You can emphasize
that in addition to saving money and helping the environment, youth would also be making
America less dependent on foreign oil, which is often very costly and unstable as an
energy source.

Why does Heck Tate not want to shoot Tim Johnson in Chapter 10 of To Kill a Mockingbird?

Tim Johnson is the rabid dog who strolls down the main
street of Maycomb in one of To Kill a Mockingbird's most memorable
moments (in Chapter 10). Calpurnia alerts the neighbors and Eula
May, the town's telephone operator, and soon both Atticus and Sheriff Heck Tate arrive.
Since both Atticus and Tate show up in a "black Ford"--Atticus drives a Chevy--we can
assume that the sheriff deliberately picked up Atticus on his way there. Tate is aware
of the secret that Atticus has withheld from his children--that he was the best marksman
in the county as a youth--and the sheriff probably decided to have a better shot handy,
if necessary. Atticus probably does not recognize Tate's motives, since he does not want
to take the shot. But Tate insists, and he

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... handed the rifle to Atticus. Jem and I nearly
fainted.

Tate, who "can't
shoot that well and you know it!", merely recognizes that Atticus,
who

"... if he
shot fifteen times and hit fourteen doves he'd complain about wasting
ammunition..."

was the better
choice to kill the dog. Had Atticus not been present, Sheriff Tate would no doubt have
killed Tim Johnson himself.  

Energy - How Much Water Does An Average Person Use Each Day?

The standard for water usage is different depending on
where you live.

The U.S. leads the world in water usage,
about 575 Liters per person per day. The majority of that water is used for flushing
toilets, baths and showers, and washing hands and other objects. Water is cheap and
easily obtained in the U.S., and so isn't considered a luxury
item.

As of 2006, a person living in Mozambique used only 4
Liters of water each day. The majority of that was for
drinking.

The average of 30 countries tested around the
world as of 2006 is 165.7 Liters per person, per day. The water poverty threshold is 50
Liters per day.

It is hard to obtain sterile water in many
places around the world, and what water is available is considered a necessity of life,
and so is not used for bathing or cleaning. The top ten water-using countries use about
6 times as much water as the bottom 20.

How did Germany attempt to exploit anti-imperialist sentiment in Africa in order to strengthen it's strategic position?

German attempts to exploit anti-imperialist sentiment were
generally confined to North Africa.  Germany used both print media and radio broadcasts
to disseminate propaganda that played on Arab and Muslim grievances against their
colonial rulers.  By doing so, Germany hoped to help turn the colonized Africans against
France and (more importantly) England.  If this could be accomplished, Germany felt, its
hold on the Mediterranean would be greatly enhanced.

German
propaganda attempts included both secular and religious appeals to North Africans.  They
attempted to play on African resentment of colonization.  However, they also attempted
to create support for the Third Reich because of ties between its hatred of Jews and the
anti-Semitic ideas expressed in some parts of the Koran and embraced by some
Arabs.

Could someone help me with an attention grabber for my essay on Reverend Hale?I've written an essay about how Reverend Hale from The Crucible...

I think that one of the most powerful elements about Hale
is the idea that he is manipulated by those in the position of power.  It is really
unclear whether he fully grasps the implications of this by the end of the drama.  I
think that Hale's change at the end is motivated by his own sense of guilt and is
something that can be still manipulated by those in the position of power.  Hale's
desires are secondary to the meeting of Parris and the Judges in talking about how Hale
is in "counsel" with those waiting to die.  Hale is a character that has been
manipulated by others with ulterior ends.  I think that bringing this out in the open to
start your writing about him would be interesting.  While I am not a big fan of the
rhetorical question, something along those lines regarding Hale could be, "Imagine if
you were being manipulated to do something, not knowing how you fit into the larger
designs of another person?"  Hale believes in what he is doing and is convinced of its
larger sense of good.  Yet, what he does is being twisted by those in the position of
power who wish to benefit on their own level as opposed to any social notion of the
good.  It is here where I think focus on Hale makes him a compelling and interesting
character, even if it is difficult to empathize with him.

In terms of character development, how is Ahab destroyed by his obsession yet unconquered in Moby Dick?"AHAB detroyed himself through his own...

Captain Ahab is obsessed. He is a monomaniac, bent on
meting out retribution to a white whale. When we see Ahab's quest as a personal conflict
between Ahab and Nature (or God) as represented by the whale and the sea, we can argue
that Ahab gains some measure of victory in his
battle. 

Contained in Ahab's desire for revenge is also a
refusal to allow God to be the arbiter of his fate. He will choose his own
fate.

He will
fight against fate, rather than resign himself to a divine
providence.

That his fate
will be to die in his confrontation of Moby Dick does not lessen the fact that it will
be Ahab's choosing to make this confrontation. 

In this
way, Ahab does achieve some victory. It is a victory of free
will. 

In
making a choice and sticking by it, he can be seen as valiantly exercising free
will.

Ahab's will is never
conquered or diminished even as he is destroyed by his obsession with revenging himself
against Moby Dick.

In Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, how might Dorian's relation to his portrait be interpreted as an allegory for the relationship...

Oscar Wilde’s novel The Picture of Dorian
Gray has been seen as an allegory of English/Irish relations in several
different ways, including the following:

• In his
  book Terror and Irish Modernism, Jim Hansen notes that the book was
  written in the midst of a political crisis involving home rule for Ireland. Hansen
  relates the novel to the desire during this era for Irish political autonomy. According
  to Hansen,

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Dorian is destroyed by his fear of social
conventions, while the novel uses [Irish] Gothic conventions in order to push, and
finally to extend, the limits of the form itself.  Whereas the Unionist Gothic writers
allegorize sociopolitical anxieties, Wilde undercuts them by accepting, understanding,
and, finally, reworking social discourse from within.
(91)

According to Hansen,
Gray embodies two earlier conventional ways of depicting Irish masculinity: as
effeminate and as aggressive and terrifying
(92).

• Meanwhile, Maureen O’Connor, in an essay
  on Wilde’s novel as an Irish national tale, also argues (like Hansen) that the novel is
  indebted to the genre of Irish Gothic writing. According to O’Connor,
  

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In The Picture of Dorian
Gray, Wilde emphasizes the necessarily fantastic nature of the allegorization
of a nation traumatized by its relationship to the past . . . . (p.
195)

• One of the
  most suggestive comments about the novel, however, comes from Terry Eagleton, who in his
  book Heathcliff and the Great Hunger suggests that an overly clever
  analyst might try to perceive Wilde’s novel as a work which threatened to “unmask” the
  contradictions in Britain’s presentation of itself as a civilized empire (p.
  9).

In The Bible, can someone tell me what Proverbs 23:13 means?Do not withhold discipline from a child, if you punish them with the rod, they will not...

This yet another excellent example of good, earthy wisdom
from the Book of Proverbs in the Bible, which offers a range of advice about a number of
different topics. One of these areas is of course the whole area of parenting, which,
from the number of proverbs that are in the Book of Proverbs concerning this topic, was
clearly just as much of a big issue back in Biblical times as it is for us today as we
all seek to work out how best to raise our children.

This
proverb obviously concerns the issue of discipline. From the translation you have used,
it is clear that the writer of this proverb believes in the value of physical
discipline, using humour and common sense to convey the belief that corporal punishment
is necessary and is beneficial for a child. The second part of the proverb demonstrates
his belief that there is nothing wrong about using such methods; after all, a child will
not die if he or she is punished in this way. Such negatives clearly outweigh the
positives of having a serious method of punishment ready for children who break rules
knowingly, it is inferred.

show that the function f(x)+f(x+y)=y is not bijective?the domain and the range of f is (0;infinite)

You can consider two methods to show that the function is
not bijective.

Method 1) Suppose that the function is
bijective. For a bijective function, if exists an image y1, then it must exist at least
one corresponding value x1.

f(x1)=y1/2 =>
f(x1)+f(x1+y1)=y1 => f(x1+y1)=y1/2 .

If the function
is bijective, then it is injective=> x1+y1=x1 => y1=0, which is an absurd
assumption because the range of function is
(0;infinite).

Method 2) Take x=y=1 =>
f(1)+f(2)=1(a)

Take other values: x=2 and y=1 =>
f(2)+f(3)=1(b)

Compare (a) and (b)=> f(1)=f(3)
=> the function is not injective => it is not
bijective.

Answer: The function is not injective and it is
not bijective.

In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, why does Oz appear differently to the different characters or why do the characters see Oz differently?

Let us remember that the wizard of Oz is "wonderful" for
lots of reasons, and one of them is the way that he has managed to convince his
followers that he is actually a very powerful wizard. Note what the Munchkin man tells
Dorothy and her companions about this wizard in Chapter 10 when they ask to see the
wizard:

He is
powerful and terrible and if you come on an idle or foolish errand to bother the wise
reflections of the Great Wizard, he might be angry and destroy you all in an
instant.

Part of his power is
his ability to transform himself, seemingly endlessly, as people come before him. Of
course, what we realise as we finish the rest of the book is that the wizard is actually
no wizard at all, and his power and supposed shape changing abilities are all built on
elaborate tricks and ruses that deceive the people he commands just as they deceive
Dorothy and his companions. The different transformations are therefore designed to
perpetuate the myth of the wizard's power and might.

What is a word to describe how Brian felt when he realizes the hatchet can make sparks?

I think that one of the most powerful dynamics in the
story is how disappointment and exhilaration go together.  Brian is shown to be a
character who is, on one hand, faced with frustration at nearly every turn.  Yet, this
is also countered with some type of discovery.  This dialectic is what allows the novel
to represent his own survival and also shows how the theme of the novel is evident in
its very structure.  When Brian throws the hatchet, he is angry at the porcupine and in
a great deal of pain.  There is a moment of revelation or recognition when he sees the
sparks emerge from it.  He is exhilarated and taken aback at his "good fortune" and at
what emerged from this.  I think that another word that can be used is "wonderment." 
Brian begins to wonder about what can be done with these small sparks and from this, he
develops the ability and endures the trial to harness fire as something more than a
source of food and warmth.  He looks at it as a "companion."  This moment is brought
about by the sense of wonderment that Brian develops once he sees the
sparks.

In a country as religious as Egypt is it likely that sex education will have an effect on population growth?

I assume that the basic assumption of this question is
that Egypt, as a strongly Muslim country, will not have its population growth rate
affected much by family planning projects.  While this may be true, it has not been true
for all Muslim countries.  Therefore, it is at least possible that Egypt could see a
decrease in fertility if it adopts a policy of promoting family
planning.

As can be seen in the links below, there is no
clear and necessary connection between Islam and fertility levels.  Iran is, of course,
a strongly Muslim country with a theocratic government in power.  Even so, there has
been a strong increase in contraceptive use and a decrease in fertility.  On this
evidence, it is hard to argue that an Islamic country cannot cause its fertility to
decline.

It may be that religion will be less of a block to
decreasing population growth rates than economic factors.  Around the world, increasing
wealth and prosperity has typically caused fertility rates to decline.  It may be that
Egypt is too poor to experience fertility decline, not too
religious.

Has technology made our lives more convinient or complicated?

As technology is becoming more advanced than ever, most of
products are designed to make our life more
convenient.

As technology development advances,
the level of living standard increases. The life forwards wonderfully, we have fewer
opportunities to waste our time and strength. Other person may has their own opinions,
and argue that technology have interrupted our life and others already. The facts is,
technology will keep improving and developing, no matter you agree with it or
not.

dreams could be realized by technology, wealth and
property could be came by us with technology, etc.
We could visit some where
we want to go simply, since people has invented automobile and improved it; we could
through many areas and reach the other place on the earth, because of people has
invented air craft and developed it; we could send sounds, messages, and images to our
family and friends, for people inventing mobile phone and expanding it; we could process
many data, due to the fact that people invented computers and bourgeoned it; we could
enrich our amusements, on account of the invention of TV, projector, and DVD
player.

What would you put in a memory box for Atticus Finch?

Interesting question and a great topic for further
discussion. If you are talking about a time capsule to open years after Atticus's trial
is over, there are plenty of things to put inside.

First, I
would add all the newspaper clippings of the trial itself. It is incredible to see a
before and after comparison of the mentality of the mainstream media and the public
within a period of time regarding topics such as racism and
prejudice.

Second, I would save pictures of Maycomb.
According to Scout, Maycomb changes through her eyes as she grows older. The more she
learns about people, the less she recognizes Maycomb. Perhaps a picture of the town will
help reflect, in the future, about the changes in perception one experiences as life
passes you by.

Certainly I would collect every single
element of prejudice that harmed the case: A lynch, every symbol of anger that was
expressed towards Atticus, a list with all the names he was called, even the names and
last names of every person who has turned against Tom Robinson even knowing that is an
innocent man. Those are all the names of shame. These are the so-called "honest,
hard-working church-goers" that did not have mercy on a fellow man just because of his
color. It is imperative to remember those names because they will be the elders of
future generations who would be ashamed to find out what their ancestors once did. That
definitely should be placed in a memory box.

However, as I
stated previously, this is a wonderful topic for further discussion and my point of view
is strictly historical. Someone might have input as far as Atticus's personality, or his
family and friends. There are a myriad of things one should aways remember from the past
so that it never repeats itself in the future.

Why does Stella stay in the abusive marriage with Stanley?

Throughout the play Tennessee Williams makes it clear that
Stella is crazy about Stanley even though, or because, he has such a violent,
animalistic nature. She is in love with him. She expresses her feelings clearly in Scene
Four when Blanche tries to persuade her to leave
Stanley.

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BLANCHE:

But you've
given in. And that isn't right, you're not old! You've got to get
out.

STELLA:

I'm not in
anything I want to get out
of.

Earlier, in Scene One,
Stella makes such statements as:

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I can hardly stand it when he is away for a
night...

And:

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When he's away for a week I nearly go
wild!

Obviously Stella is
willing to put up with a certain amount of crudeness and physical abuse from a man who
gives her such sensual pleasure and genuine love. There is no question of her leaving
Stanley. If he has her in his power, she enjoys it. And it would appear that she has him
in her power too, as exemplified in that famous scene where he shouts, "HEY, STELLA!"
This is something Blanche could never understand.

How were women limited in Pride and Prejudice?

I think a good way of answering this is quoting the famous
first sentence of this great novel, that satirically summarises the position of women in
the time of the novel and also points towards the way in which they had very few
options:

It is
a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must
be in want of a wife.

The
fact is that for women in the novel, the only real option they have to leave home and to
become slightly more independent is to marry. There was no possibility in that time of
leaving home by yourself and working. Marriage was how you secured your future. If you
think about it, this is one of the reasons why Charlotte Lucas marries such a man as Mr.
Collins. The alternative would be to end up as an old spinster who is forced to remain
as a companion for her mother and is dependent upon the rest of the family to support
her.

You also might like to think about the way in which
Lydia is presented after she runs away. What is interesting is that, as the Bennet girls
are told many, many times by a number of different people, whilst a man like Wickham can
engage in sexual relations outside of wedlock many times, for a woman like Lydia to do
something like that has a massive impact not just on her own reputation, but the
reputation of her family and the way that they are viewed. The other family members
would be "tainted by association."

Lastly, I feel a word
needs to be said for poor Mrs. Bennet. As ridiculous as she is, she is also quite a
pitiable character, as her desperate desire to marry her daughters off comes from a
desire to provide both for herself and for her daughters when Mr. Bennet dies. Although
this desire is presented in an incredibly humorous way, let us remember that there was a
need to provide for the family due to the law of entailment, which meant that no
property could be inherited by a woman.

What impression does Mayella Ewell make when she is on the witness stand in To Kill a Mockingbird?

A highly sympathetic character, Mayella Ewell proves to be
a confused and emotional young woman when she testifies in the trial of Tom Robinson in
To Kill a Mockingbird. The lonely and friendless daughter of Bob
Ewell, Mayella spends her life taking care of her younger brothers and sisters while Bob
is away drinking and causing trouble. Tom appears to be the only person who shows her
any sympathy, volunteering to do chores for her on occasion. But when she tries to show
her affection by groping and kissing him, Tom (a married man) beats a retreat. But Bob
sees him first, and it is he that beats Mayella for her indiscretion with a black man.
Mayella, weak and fearful of her father, apparently agrees to back Bob's story of Tom
raping her.

Mayella is out of place in the courtroom--and
probably any public setting--and she mistakes Atticus' polite civility for mocking
insults. She has never been called "ma'am" or "Miss Mayella" before (except possibly by
Tom), and she seems intimidated by the men in the courtroom. Her confusion of the events
comes in part from her lack of education, and she is never able to get her story
straight. First she says that Tom hit her, then that he didn't, and finally decides that
she can't remember. When Atticus asked her how Tom raped her, Mayella
replied,

"I
don't know how he done it, but he done
it.

Atticus "rained questions
on her," and the frightened Mayella had no answers. She finally summoned the strength to
call all the "fine fancy gentlemen" in the courtroom "yellow, stinkin' cowards," and
then said no more. Scout thought that

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I guess if she hadn't been so poor and ignorant,
Judge Taylor would have put her under the jail for the contempt she showed everybody in
the courtroom.

A character
deserving of great pity, Mayella loses the sympathy of the reader by turning on the one
man who had showed her kindness, and the lies she tells about Tom eventually costs him
his life.

Please help me argue against this statement: "Violence is never justified as a form of public protest."The topic ‘Violence is never justified as...

Perhaps the best way to approach this would be to point to
places like Libya or Syria, or South Africa in the Apartheid era.  Looking at countries
like those, you could argue that there are clearly times when violence is justifiable
because the government is so oppressive and because it offers so little in the way of
opportunities for non-violent political expression.  (If you really want to go all-out,
just ask rhetorically whether it would have been right for Jews to engage in violent
protest in Nazi Germany.)

Now, it will be hard to argue
that the London riots were caused by these sorts of conditions.  Even underprivileged
youths in Britain have the right to express themselves politically and are relatively
unoppressed by the government.  However, you could argue that the British political
system allows youths to be heard, but never gives them what they demand.  You could
argue that police activities are oppressive in a country where the police treat other
people so well.  In this way, you could argue (if you have to) that the London riots
were justified.

Even if the London riots were not
justified, it seems clear that there are times when violence is
justified.

What is civic nationalism?

Civic nationalism is, in a way, a positive vision of what
nationalism should be.  It is one that is based on citizenship and legal rights, not on
biology.

One form of nationalism is based on race.  In this
form of nationalism, people should feel tied to one another because they are of the same
"race" or ethnicity.  In this sort of nationalism, no one can choose to belong or not to
belong to some nation.  They are in that nation because of their
birth.

By contrast, civic nationalism is based on choices
we make.  If I go to Canada and I want to embrace the values and attitudes of Canada,
then I can be a Canadian.  I do not have to be of any particular ethnic group to be
included as a Canadian.  All I have to do is to buy into the attitudes that make a
person Canadian and then make the choice to become a Canadian
citizen.

These are very different views of what should tie
us together.  In ethnic nationalism, we are tied together by our "blood."  In civic
nationalism, we are tied together by our values, our attitudes and our
choices.

Did the examples of foreshadowing help you predict what happened in "The Leap"?

Foreshadowing is a difficult thing to do well, because it
should provide us with clues as to what will happen but forshadowing should be something
that we are only aware of when the ending actually comes and we can see what has been
foreshadowed and predicted. The mark of an excellent author then is one who is able to
use foreshadowing but only make us aware of it at the end of the story, causing us to
read back and look at these predictions again.

I must
admit, when I first read this excellent story, this happened to me, and I was blind to
how the author was using foreshadowing to indicate what was going to happen. Looking
back at the story, my favourite piece of foreshadowing is the
following:

My
mother once said that I'd be amazed at how many things a person can do within the act of
falling.

This of course
foreshadows the narrator's own act of falling as she is saved by her mother at the end
of the story. Therefore, I wasn't aware of these examples of foreshadowing until I had
finished the story and so it didn't help me make any
predictions.

How did the American people use the social contract idea to justify the Revolution?

To understand this, look at the words of the Declaration
of Independence.

In that document, Thomas Jefferson tells
us that the reason for government is to protect the "life, liberty, and pursuit of
happiness" of its people.  Furthermore, the government only gets its "just power" from
the consent of the people.  This is a classic statement of the idea of social contract. 
It says that people consent to have a government so that it will protect their
rights.

Jefferson goes on to say that the British
government had stopped protecting the people's rights and was, instead, infringing on
them.  Because of that, he said, the people had the right to rebel.  In other words, the
government had broken the social contract and rebellion was, therefore,
justified.

In "Through The Tunnel" what is the function of Jerry's mother in the theme of rites of passage?Reference to the story by Doris Lessing

In Doris Lessing's "Through the Tunnel," the tension
between the mother's protectiveness and authority and Jerry's desire for freedom cuts
through the entire narrative.  A widow who must struggle to provide for her boy, Jerry's
mother suffers from the anxieties of having to raise a child without a father, worrying
that she may be doing too much:

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Have I been keeping him too close?  He mustn't
feel he ought to be with me.  I must be
careful.

These anxieties of
the mother and her consequent reactive protection, ironically, cause Jerry to wish to
prove all the more that he is a man by asserting his
independence.

When the older boys who swim through the
tunnel reject Jerry for his childishness, Jerry becomes aware that he is too protected
by his mother who has him sit on the "safe beach." He,
then,

knew he
must find his way through that cave, or hole, or tunnel, and out on the other
side.

The tunnel becomes, of
course, symbolic of Jerry's rite of passage from childhood to adulthood. Without his
mother's knowledge, Jerry submerges himself in the tunnel and swims through it, although
he almost does not make it without exploding his lungs.  But, having made it safely,
only suffering a bloody nose, Jerry returns to the villa.  Now, he sees the local boys
diving, but "he did not want them" because he knows that he is now their equal.  Once in
his room, Jerry rests until he hears his mother.  As they have lunch, Jerry boasts only
that he can hold his breath three minutes.  But, secretly, he knows that he has proved
himself a man.

Why is British victory in the French and Indian Wars a foreshadowing of difficult times ahead in British-colonial relations?

British victory was not as important as American
participation in that victory in foreshadowing future events. Americans had a new sense
of patriotism, but also a sense of Americanism. They had a new vision of their
importance to the Empire, so much so that Benjamin Franklin spoke of a time when the
capital of the empire would be on the Hudson rather than the Thames. There was growing
resentment and distaste by Americans for the British military in response to the
haughtiness of the British towards the Americans, most of whom were volunteers, and the
complete ineptitude of the British at frontier methods of fighting. Recent historical
research has indicated that American fighters in the war felt a moral superiority to
their British counterparts. The harsh punishments imposed on British soldiers and the
cursing, drinking and whore-mongering of the redcoats contributed itself to this feeling
of superiority. This situation was exacerbated when George Grenville, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, was determined to keep British troops in America even though they were
neither wanted nor needed there. Grenville did not want influential British officers
meddling in British politics, so he kept them in the Americas, contributing to the
growing feeling of resentment.

The immense cost of the war
was also a factor, as well as the issue of governance of Western lands. The new monarch,
George III imposed the Royal Proclamation of 1763 on the colonies, forbidding settlement
west of the crest of the Appalachian mountains. This proclamation was not only largely
ignored; it contributed to a growing sense of independence and "separateness" from the
remainder of the Empire. In short, there was a growing sense that the colonists were
Americans, not British. All of these were a result of the French and Indian
War.

Who are three people that Scout tries to understand by putting herself in their shoes in To Kill a Mockingbird?In the book, Atticus tells Scout to...

Atticus' advice to Scout comes after her disastrous first
day at school. Her father tells her that

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"You never really understand a person until you
consider things from his point of view--until you climb into his skin and walk around in
it."

Atticus suggests that
Scout apply this advice to both Miss Caroline, who has punished Scout and insulted him;
and to Walter Cunningham Jr., to whom Scout was unknowingly rude. Later, Scout uses this
advice to better understand the actions of Bob and Mayella Ewell, as well as her Aunt
Alexandra when she tries to emulate her actions after Atticus has broken the news about
Tom Robinson's death. She is impressed with her aunt, who composes herself and returns
to her duty of passing out refreshments to the Missionary
Circle.

After
all, if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could
I.

The best example comes at
the end of the story, when Scout literally stands on the Radley porch in the same spot
that Boo must have stood when he looked out over the neighborhood at night. Seeing
things from his viewpoint, she envisions a side of the neighborhood she had never
understood.

What is an example of irony in the book Tears of a Tiger by Sharon Draper?

The most painful instance of irony in Tears of a
Tiger is that Robert Washington was the one to die in the reckless accident.
In "Hit the Showers! Hit the Streets!: Locker-Room Conversation after the Game, November
7 9:30 P.M.," Andy jokingly compares himself to Robert. Robert replies in the same
good-humored joking tone by saying the he was the best and would strike it rich playing
in the N.B.A. (National Basketball Association):

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You only wish you was as
good as I am! I, Robert Orlando Washington, will be makin' billions
of dollars playin' for the
N.B.A.!

Irony in a situation
(situational irony) is the occurrence of events that are contrary to what is expected.
Robert tells us that what is expected is a bright and shinning career for himself in
basketball. This expectation is not what occurred.

The irony reflected
in this conversation is that, of all the four young men riding in Andy's car, it is
Robert, the captain of the Hazelwood High Tigers basketball team, who gets caught and
dies in the fiery inferno of the exploding blazing car, ignited not so much by the
leaking gasoline as by the alcohol they drank.

Would a increase of solar panels, hydroelectric power, and wind power be effective national strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and...

The things that you mention would not be an "effective"
national strategy for reducing emissions and preventing global warming.  This is because
they would be both too expensive to be affordable and insufficiently effective in
preventing global warming.

As you can see in the
Scientific American link, the level of cuts in emissions that would
be needed to prevent serious global warming would be tremendous.  The article estimates
that emissions would need to be reduced by 70%.  Even if this is seriously overstated,
it would be exceedingly difficult to reduce emisssions by anywhere near to this amount
through solar, wind, and hydro power.

In addition, these
types of power have serious issues.  Solar power is, at this point, not economically
competitive with fossil fuel power.  America's potential for hydro power has been pretty
well reached as there are dams on most rivers that would provide relevant amounts of
power.  Wind, too, is relatively expensive and is not feasible in most parts of the
country.

Overall, then, the things you mention would not be
effective as a national strategy for preventing warming.  However, they might be
effective (particularly wind and maybe solar someday) as a
part of a strategy that also puts a strong emphasis on
conservation and reducing demand for electricity and oil.

How does Connie become an obsessive preoccupation with the stranger?

Oates does a really strong and commendable job of being
able to bring out the idea of how individuals are not really in control of their image
with all of society. There are some elements that will misread and misunderstand,
despite our beliefs that everything has been "controlled" and designed in a particular
manner.  It is here where Connie is located.  She believes that she is in control of her
own identity and her own image.  When she goes out that night to the restaurant, she
sees herself as being in control of everything around her and those who look at her. 
While she is bored with Eddy, she starts to notice Arnold.  Her continual looks of
flirting and interest are what awakens Arnold and his predatory instinct towards her. 
In the saddest of ways, Connie got what she wanted.  Her entire motivation to carry
herself in a particular manner, the obsession about her looks as well as the strict
definition of herself against her family, ended up causing her to be "noticed."  The
sadness here is that she is noticed by the wrong people, by someone like Arnold Friend
who takes to stalking and eventually abducting her.  It is here were Oates makes clear
the idea that we are not entirely in control of the image that we send across to
others.  Connie becomes a target of Arnold, whose obsessive preoccupation becomes the
end result of her desire to be "someone."

Construct an argument about the lesson the camp meeting adventure conveys to readers in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

The revival camp meeting in the novel works on several
levels. The most obvious fact at work is the fact that the King is cynically playing
upon the emotions of the gathering. 

These people have
purportedly gathered together to save their souls; find salvation, etc. The King sees
the vulnerability that this effort conveys to the gathering and takes advantage of
it. 

This episode also carries a subtle implication that
the salvation the gathering is seeking is self-serving, superficial and foolish. The
crowd is certainly easily fooled by the King's impromptu yarn. Importantly, they are
also highly satisfied by it. 

The King's act effectively
stops the salvation, speaking in tongues, and other effects of the revival, replacing
them with a shaky concept of charity. How could a truly fervent group be so easily
persuaded and led away from its aim? The answer is that the group must have been less
fervent than it purported to be. 

In Lord of the Flies, early on in chapter one, Piggy asks, "aren't there any grown-ups at all?" and Ralph says, "No grown-ups." How do the two boys...

The boys are quite thrilled to be without any adult
supervision. However, they really don't know how to react without it. They immediately
set out to recreate the society they knew on this deserted island They appoint a leader,
and give each other a particular, dedicated role.

The boys
constantly struggle to find the proper balance between freedom and control. They tend to
react in a pre-adolescent violent nature, showing that societal constraints must be
learned.

Even with all the violent conflict, they still are
excited at being able to develop their own societal rules.

How does a reader find the symbolic meaning in a story?The question refers to the selection "Through the Tunnel" by Doris Lessing

When seeking symbolic meaning in a literary work, the
reader looks for objects that are mentioned with some frequency, such as the mother's
arm; in addition, the reader examines in what manner and under what circumstances
these objects are mentioned, as well as being attentive to the significance of the title
and its relationship to the narrative.  Of course, in Doris Lessing's "Through the
Tunnel," the underwater passage is, indeed, significant as it is pivotal to Jerry's
attempts to prove to the older boys that he is not childish.  The mother's arm and the
tunnel, then, are the two symbols of the short story.  Colors, too, are often
symbolic.

The mother's
arm

In the exposition of the story, the
mother worries that she may be "keeping him too close."  Thus her arm symbolizes Jerry's
childish attachment to his mother since mothers of young children usually hold onto
their children.  Symbolically,  the mother's arm represents her being disconnected from
Jerry "bare" and slightly "reddened from yesterday's sun" as she swings it without Jerry
beside her like a small boy.

The
tunnel

Because the older boys are able to
hold their breaths and swim through the tunnel while Jerry cannot, the tunnel comes to
represent a rite of passage into adulthood for Jerry.  Without telling his
mother--breaking from her motherhood--Jerry practices until he is successful in going
through this tunnel.  After the completion of this act, Jerry feels fulfilled.  For,
when he sees the local boys diving and playing, "He did not want
them."

Colors

Certain
colors always carry a significance to them.  Lessing makes use of this significance as
Jerry sees his mother on the shore, "a speck of yellow under an umbrella that looked
like a slice of orange peel." 

• Yellow, a color
  that has negative connotations, is often associated with danger or cowardice.  In this
  story, Jerry's mother represents a childish security which he now perceives as cowardly,
  unmanly. 


• Orange symbolizes a demand for
  attention.


• The white sand above the great rock through
  which the older boys swim represents Jerry's innocence before he makes his rite of
  passage.


• The black of the deep tunnel's wall symbolizes
  mystery, depth,and power, all of which Jerry experiences when he passes through the
  tunnel's length.