Physicists recognize four fundamental forces in the
universe: The weak and strong nuclear forces, gravity, and electromagnetism. Each force
is produced by a particle that acts as a carrier of that force - photons carry
electromagnetism, while gravitrons carry gravity. The strong nuclear force is associated
with gluons, and the weak force with three particles called W+, W-, and
Z.
String Theory unifies these particles by positing that
these particles are not different from one another, but are actually variations of the
same thing, a string. In string theory, the strings (which are actually usually
visualized as loops) are in constant motion, and the axis around which that motion is
oriented in space determines the behavior, and by extension the identity, of the
particle.
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