First we should distinguish among the three relationship
types we are working with here. All involve two organisms coexisting. In parasitism, one
organism benefits while the other suffers as a result of the relationship. In
commensalism one organism still benefits, but the effect on the other organism is
neutral. In mutualism, both organisms benefit from the relationship, though not
necessarily in equal measure.
A) Mutualism. The bacteria
get a home and food,and the href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515157/">cow receives nutrition
because the bacteria break down cellulose which the cow cannot digest by
itself.
B) Parasitism. The protist href="http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/">trichomonas vaginalis gets a
home and food, but it can increase a person's risk of being infected by the HIV virus,
and can cause babies to be born prematurely.
C)
Commensalism. The fungus can survive with or without the ants, but the href="http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/science_nation/leafcutterants.jsp">ants
need the fungus for food.
D) Parasitism. The
coccidia protozoans get a home and food in the dog's digestive tract, while the dog gets
sick from the href="http://www.vetinfo.com/coccidia-dogs-explained.html">infection.
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