Discuss the biospheric importance of the following abiotic factors: water, soil, light, and temperature.

Climatic factors include light, temperature, water , rain,
humidity and wind.

Light
:Light directly or indirectly affects the life activities. For the
photosynthetic activity of green plants light is essential. Growth, germination,
flowering and other functions of plant are controlled by photoperiodism and different
light rays. In animals, the light directly influences the sensation of sight, colour of
skin, sensitivity to different
colours.

Temperature:- Life
can exist within certain limits of temperature. Some organisms can tolerate temperature
from 20oC to 60oC.

Water and rain:-
Life is impossible without water. Water content varies from 60% to 90% in
living organisms. In organism, there is water regulation system to maintain definite
water level in body. The maintenance of definite water level in the body is termed as
osmoregulation.

Soil factor:-
Soil factors are important for plants. Plants remain attached to soil.
Plants obtain minerals, nutrients and water form soil. The upper layer of earth forms
soil. Soil formed of mixed particles is suitable for organisms. There is addition of
excretory products and dead bodies to the organic content of soil. Soil is a mixture of
organic and inorganic matter. Water retention capacity of soil is increased by the
organic matter. Soil is also the store house of mineral nutrition. Water and air content
of soil are also important. Soil in which water and air is present is porous. Such water
is absorbed by plants. Underground parts of plants and organisms in soil depend on air
in soil.