You are asking quite a lot; there is not enough space to
write all that you request. So, here are some points to get you
started.
One of the main reasons why the Persians were able
to rise to power was because they possessed a certain theory of government. They
assimilated people and made them a part of their Empire. They even offered quite a bit
of freedom. Later the Romans would do the same. Another reason why they were able to
rise to power was because of very good leaders. Darius and his oldest son Xeres, were
great generals, builders, and organizers. A third reason for the rise of Persia was due
to it location. It was able to trade with the other great civilizations in the Ancient
Near East.
In terms of the decline of Persia, I would
attribute this to the Greeks. When Philip became master of Macedon and took over all of
Greece, he made plans to take over Persia in view of the longstanding feud between the
Greeks and the Persians. Philip's son Alexander would penetrate deep into Persia and
topple the Persian Empire. In the end, all empires are destined to fall. The Greek and
Roman in time would follow.
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