In Alice Walker’s short story “Everyday Use,” Mama feels
comfortable leaving the quilts to Maggie rather than to Dee (Wangero) for a number of
reasons, including the following:
- She wants to
affirm Maggie, who lacks the self-confidence that Dee possesses in abundance. Dee
doesn’t need much affirmation from others. - The quilts
symbolize a heritage that Dee has largely rejected (even though she thinks she hasn’t).
Dee will not appreciate the quilts as they were truly meant to be appreciated, nor will
she use them as they were truly meant to be used. Maggie will both appreciate them and
use them. - The quilts actually mean something to Maggie;
they mean very little to Dee. - Dee immediately acts as if
the quilts belong to her, even moving them out of her mother’s reach. Dee’s attitudes
and behaviors are presumptuous and selfish, unlike
Maggie’s. - Mama has already promised to give the quilts to
Maggie and explicitly tells Dee of the promise, which Dee typically ignores. By giving
the quilts to Maggie, Mama in a sense merely fulfills her
promise. - Mama had previously offered Dee a quilt, years
earlier, but the offer had been rejected since quilts at that time were out of style.
Maggie’s appreciation of the quilts has been long and consistent and will remain
so. - Dee seems to regard the quilts mainly in economic
terms, as when she exclaims that the quilts are “priceless!” (a
phrase which actually suggests that in fact they would bring a very high price if they
were ever sold). Maggie’s attachment to the quilts is not determined by their economic
value. - Dee would merely hang the quilts, putting them on
display and thereby making them part of her own self-display.
Maggie would value the quilts for themselves, not for how they would make her appear to
others. - Paradoxically, Maggie’s willingness to part with
the quilts shows that she is the person who should really possess them.
- The discussion about the quilts eventually becomes a
battle of wills between Mama and a highly disrespectful and even angry Dee. Mama doesn’t
intend to lose the battle. - By being willing to sacrifice
to quilts, Maggie shows her love for her mother – love which her mother reciprocates by
giving Maggie the quilts. - Mama feels a moral, indeed
almost a religious obligation, to give the quilts to Maggie. It suddenly occurs to her
that doing so is the only right and just course of
action:
When I looked at her [that is, Maggie] . . .
something just hit me in the top of my head and ran down to the soles of my feet. Just
like when I’m in church and the spirit of God touches me and I get happy and
shout.
- Giving the
quilts to Maggie has a triple effect: it affirms Maggie; it puts Dee in her place (for
once); and it gives Mama the sense that she has dealt justly with both of her
daughters.
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