What are some of the things Santiago has learned through action in Coehlo's The Alchemist?

In Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist,
Santiago learns a great deal by action. He learns quite a bit about the land and his
sheep by being a shepherd and paying attention to the world around him, though he
doesn't yet know that he is learning the Universal
Language.

After Santiago has spoken to Melchizedek (the
King of Salem), he is reminded of the omens his grandfather had mentioned to him. By
traveling, watching and paying attention, the world will speak to Santiago to help him
find his Personal Legend. Melchizedek notes:

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God has prepared a path for everyone to follow.
You just have to read the omens that he left for
you.

Through action, Santiago
learns how easy it sometimes seems to give up searching for one's Personal Legend. When
the boy is robbed, he takes a job working for the crystal merchant. It is his intent to
save money, buy sheep and return to his old life. In doing this, he is able to learn
about his boss who did give up his Personal Legend and now has
regrets. The merchant admits he is afraid to go to Mecca now, as he
did not when he was younger...

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...it's the thought of Mecca that keeps me
alive.

Santiago does not want
to have regrets by passing up his chance at achieving his Personal
Legend.

Santiago also learns by action that "book learning"
is not the way in which he best understands the world or pursues
his Personal Legend. He tries to read, but this action does not
"speak" to him.

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"That's strange," said the boy..."I've tried for
two years to read this book, and I never get past these first few
pages."

The boy decides that
perhaps he could try reading the Englishman's books, while the Englishman will try to
read the signs of the desert.

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The Englishman said, "I'd better pay more
attention to the caravan."

"And I'd better read your
books," said the boy.

The boy
learns nothing from the books, and the Englishman learns nothing from watching the
caravan. He takes back his books and packs them away again in their
bag.

"Go back
to watching the caravan," [the Englishman] said. "That didn't teach me anything
either."

Santiago has a
moment of enlightenment:

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"Everyone has his or her own way of learning
things," [Santiago] said to
himself."

Santiago realizes
that his path is uniquely his own, as is the case with the course
the Englishman follows. This is something the boy learns by action—in this case, trying
to read books.

Toward the end of the story, when the
soldiers of the desert are ready to kill Santiago if he cannot turn himself into the
wind, the boy learns to speak to the desert, the wind—and the sun...that admits that he
never knew that man could understand "that all things are one." Santiago believes he can
accomplish his goal because he believes...

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We are all made by the same hand, and we have the
same soul.

The sun sends
Santiago to...

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Speak to the hand that wrote
all...

Love springs from the
boy's heart and he prays. He understands...

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...that only the hand could perform miracles,
transform the sea into a desert...or a man into the wind....The boy reached through to
the Soul of the World, and saw that it was a part of the Soul of God. And he saw that
the Soul of God was his own soul. And that he, a boy, could perform
miracles.

Only by doing,
searching and asking—all actions—is the nature of the world made
clear to Santiago so that he can turn himself into the wind, which will lead ultimately
to his ability to achieve his Personal Legend.