“The Sisters,” a short story included in James Joyce’s
collection titled Dubliners, is structured in a number of ways,
including the following:
- The story opens by
plunging in medias res (“into the midst of things”), a common literary device often used
to provoke curiosity, create interest, and engage the reader’s own interpretive powers.
The prior “story” behind this story consists of a series chronological events. Joyce,
however, imposes his own “plot” upon that prior story and those events, beginning near
the end of the prior story rather than starting at the chronological
beginning. - “The Sisters” is told from the perspective of
a first-person narrator, who turns out to be a youth who had been friendly with an old
priest. Inevitably, then, everything that the youth tells us about others will help
characterize him as well. The point of the story is not simply to tell us about a series
of events but also to show us how the narrator’s reactions and responses to those events
help reveal his own personality, values, and
motives. - Much of the story consists of dialogue reported
by the narrator. In other words, the youth lets other characters “speak for
themselves,” but inevitably such a method raises an important question: is the narrator
reliable in what he reports? Does he “rig” the story in favor of (or against) other
characters? Can we accept his reports as objective evidence? Does he have anything to
hide? How trustworthy is this narrator? (In general, he does seem trustworthy,
particularly because he tells us explicitly when he does not like another character, so
that he doesn’t try to hide his own biases. He also seems basically trustworthy because
he tells us when he cannot remember information and when he finds information difficult
to interpret. Thus, he says at one
point,
As I walked along in the sun I remembered old
Cotter's words and tried to remember what had happened afterwards in the dream. I
remembered that I had noticed long velvet curtains and a swinging lamp of antique
fashion. I felt that I had been very far away, in some land where the customs were
strange -- in Persia, I thought.... But I could not remember the end of the
dream.
- The story
moves from (1) concern about the possibility of the priest’s death, to (2) confirmation
that he has indeed died, to (3) comments by others on the narrator’s relationship with
the priest, to (4) the narrator’s own reflections on his relationship with the priest,
to (5) a description of the priest’s funeral, to (6) reminiscences by others about the
dead priest. Of these sections of the story, perhaps 3, 4, and 6 are the most
interesting and intriguing because they raise the most ambiguous questions and thus most
engage the reader’s own mind. These are literally the most thought-provoking sections of
the story.
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