These are all border ballads from the Medieval Era in
England. As such, they were probably originally sung and not written, as they were
meant for the (illiterate) common folk. In general, ballads will use simple language
and short lines, making them more easily understood by all. They also use dialect,
rather than formal language, to appeal more to the lower classes. Ballads (these
included) will use repetition to further stress the importance of certain ideas, events
and characters and to make them easier to remember and repeat. They are generally about
sensational crimes, the struggles and hardships of working class life, the often-tragic
fate of lovers, or historical disasters; these are all topics to which most people in
the lower classes of Medieval England could relate.
In this
era, the literature that appeal to the elite were high romances about the deeds of
knights and damsels in distress. They praised lofty ideals and used more formal and
flowery language. Ballads tend to much simpler.
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