Tuesday, June 10, 2014

Describe the pathway of a nerve impulse, starting with a receptor and ending with the response made by a skeletal muscle.

A nerve is a connected bundle of peripheral axons. Nerves
transmit electrochemical signals between points in the
body.


An external stimulus (sound, touch, taste, smell,
sight) triggers the sensory receptor, which generates a low-voltage signal by
transferring sodium and potassium ions through the neuron membrane. The signal travels
along the bundle of axons until it reaches the spinal cord. From there, the impulse
travels through the white matter (axon bundles) to the gray matter (neurons and
synapses), which transmits very quickly to the brain. Once the stimulus reaches the
brain, the appropriate brain lobe makes a "decision," which can be conscious or
unconscious, and sends information back down the spinal cord, reversing the
electrochemical process. Upon leaving the spinal cord at the proper point, the
low-voltage signal travels back along a peripheral nerve to a neuromuscular junction, a
place where the muscle tissue is highly excitable. The signal leaves the nerve and
spreads around the muscle, causing contraction or
expansion.


The pathway is as
follows:


Stimulus -> Sensory Receptor ->
Sensory Neuron -> Spinal Cord -> Brain -> Spinal Cord ->
Sensory Neuron -> Neuromuscular Junction -> Skeletal
Muscle

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