Nathaniel Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter,
exposes the dilemma of a theology that would deny the very humanness of
mankind. For, in its absolute forbiddings of passion and its retribution against sin,
there is denial of the emotion that exists in the human heart. Little Pearl, who is
the result of the erotic love of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, epitomizes this
human passion; yet, she cannot become fully human until the sin of Dimmesdale and Hester
is publicly acknowledged and she kisses her father with passion and
love.
With this Puritancal denial to emotional expression,
all in the community are repressed, but it is the women, intrinsically more emotional,
who suffer the more. Therefore, they seek expressive outlets surreptitiously through
secret love affairs or through witchcraft where theirsurpressed emotions can be
released. Mistress Hibbins goes to the black mass in the forest primeval, the site
of human sympathy for sin and the darkness of the heart where she feels excitement and
emotional release.
It is further evidence of this need of
expression for human feeling that the townspeople, instead of totally rejecting Hester
and isolating her from the community, invite her into their homes to attend the sick and
the dying, a time of high emotion in their dwellings.
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Such helpfulness was found in her--so much power
to do, and power to sympathise--that many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by
its original significance. [Ch.
13]
Further, Hawthorne as
narrator comments,
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She who has once been woman, and ceased to be so,
might at any moment become a woman again, if there were only the magic touch to effect
the transformation.
This
"touch" is perceived as Hester casts aside her letter of scorn and lets down her hair
when she meets Dimmesdale in the forest. Again, her hair returns to its luxurious
beauty and her feminity is apparent as witness to the unnaturalness of her wearing the
letter that denies her feminine passion--"the scarlet letter has not done its
office."
In fact, in Chapter XIII, Hester Prynne ponders
the "the hopeless task" of emotional independence for women who must abandon the
priorities of the heart if they are to ever achieve any recognition as individuals.
And, it is the harshness of Puritanism ironically which has prompted Hester's thoughts
on this
condition.
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