Hamlet’s reaction to Gertrude’s marriage to Claudius is
most fully outlined in act 3, scene 4, when he confronts her directly. During the course
of this confrontation, he makes the following
points:
- He accuses her of having married the man
who killed her husband (Hamlet’s father [3.4.28-29]). - He
accuses her of marrying a man (Claudius) who can in no way, especially physically but
also in character, compare to Old Hamlet (3.4.53-71). - He
accuses her of having sexual relations with a man (Claudius) whom she should despise
(3.4.91-94). - He accuses her of being unwilling to admit
her mistakes (3.4.144-49). - He urges her to confess her
sins to God and to
Repent what’s past, avoid what is to
come,
And do not spread the compost on the
weeds
To make them ranker.
(3.4.149-52)
- He
urges her to refrain from sleeping any longer with Claudius
(3.4.159). - He tells her that if she can refrain one time
from such sin, refraining will become easier and easier each time she refrains
(3.4.165-70).
Hamlet detests Claudius because
he believes (rightly) that Claudius is guilty of Old Hamlet’s murder. Hamlet does not
accuse his mother of knowing about the murder or of having participated in it, but he
does accuse her of giving her affections (and body) to a man wholly unworthy of her love
or loyalty. He believes that she has offended the memory of her dead husband and has
also offended Hamlet himself, not only by marrying Claudius but by marrying him so
quickly after Old Hamlet’s death. Some critics believe that Hamlet’s obsession with his
mother is excessive and even somewhat sexual, and this scene is often played as if it
illustrated Sigmund Freud’s theories about the so-called “Oedipus complex.” Yet Hamlet
does not seem jealous at all of his father’s relations with the queen, however disturbed
he may be by Gertrude’s relationship with Claudius.
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