Why does the number of white blood cells increases in a patient after heart surgery?Please explain one possible reason of this.

The number of white cells in the blood (WBC) is measured
in the laboratory by a machine.  The WBC count is part of a complete blood count (CBC),
in which WBC and red cells (RBC) are counted. Measurements of the RBC size shape are
noted, and the five types of WBC are tallied.  The five WBC types are Neutrophils,
Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Basophils and Eosinophils.

An
elevated WBC count is called leukocytosis, reduced WBC,
leukopenia.

Common causes of leukocytosis are infection,
tissue injury or damage, leukemia and severe stress.

Some
causes of leukopenia are bone marrow failure, enlarged spleen and
radiation.

Open-heart surgery causes leukocytosis for
several reasons.  First of all the surgery represents a severe stress.  The stress
hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol cause mobilization of WBC from the bone marrow
and tissue storage sites into the blood stream, raising the WBC count.   Hemorrhage
(bleeding) is a cause of leukocytosis, and open-heart surgery may involve a significant
degree of blood loss.  Finally, tissue damage causes elevation of WBC, and some degree
of tissue damage occurs in any form of major surgery.

What are some distinguishing characteristics of Mrs. Jones in the short story, "Thank You, M'am" by Langston Hughes?

Physically, Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones is a large
woman and strong enough to manhandle Roger, the boy who tries to steal her purse. She
puts a half-nelson on him and escorts him back to her apartment. The woman shows her
concern for the boy in many ways. She respectfully asks his name and tells him that she,
too, has done thing of which she is ashamed. She is saddened by his dirty appearance,
and orders him to wash his face and comb his hair. She shows her trust in him by leaving
her purse within his reach and the door open. She exhibits generosity by sharing her
meager dinner--ham and lima beans--with him, and instead of showing her anger or calling
the police, she gives him a $10 bill so he can buy the blue suede shoes he so desires.
She is a proud woman who lives on her own, and she works long hours in order to support
herself.

What enables ice skaters to skate fast and why is ice slippery?

I think you are referring to the changes caused in the
physical state of ice during ice skating and why ice is
slippery.

There are two theories to explain why ice is
slippery and why an ice skater can skate at a very fast speed. One states that when a
person wearing ice stakes passes over ice, there is heat generated due to the kinetic
friction between the stakes and the ice. This melts the ice and creates a very thin
layer of liquid water. The layer of water acts as a lubricant and reduces the
coefficient of friction to a large extent. This makes it possible for ice skaters to go
at very high speeds. As soon as the skater has moved forward, the water layer solidifies
back to ice.

Another theory states that when ice is formed
water molecules on the top layer of the sheet of ice are not exactly frozen. Due to
their vibration, they remain in a quasi-liquid state. This layer of liquid, again, acts
as a lubricant reducing the friction between the ice skates and the ice to a large
extent.

In March, by Geraldine Brooks, does March still believe that the war is just by the end of the novel?

Brooks' novel March is the story of
Mr. March, the father of the March family in Louis May Alcott's Little
Women.  In Little Women, the father is away at war, and
Alcott focuses on the story of the mother and her four daughters.  Brooks, however,
tells the story of the idealistic Mr. March, who goes to war and whose noble goals are
replaced with disillusionment.  March goes to war to fight for equality for all men. 
But March sees too much--he sees suffering, torture, killings, beatings. The Union Army
for which he fights is not morally better than the Confederates.  When March protests
that the Confederates are not savages, others scoff. 

But
March also loses faith in himself.  He fails to save an injured soldier when he promised
to get the soldier across the river when his company was retreating.  And, in return,
another man, Canning, is tortured and later dies as a result of trying to save
March.

When March returns home, he has realized that war
did not solve problems, that it brought out the darkness of man and his own
weakness.   He calls himself "a fool, a coward, uncertain about
everything." 

what does it mean when general says Where there are pistol shots, there are men. Where there are men, there is food," in the story most...

This quote is early in the story.  Rainsford has fallen
off of the boat he was on and has been lucky enough to have survived the swim to shore.
The pistol shots he heard when he was in the water led him to the shore.  However when
he arrive, he collapsed from exhaustion.  He awoke the next afternoon, refreshed, but
very hungry. He needed to find some food.  Remember that he was a hunter, so he
logically thought .... where there are pistol shots, there are men --- because human
beings are the only ones who could use pistols.  Where there are men, there is food ---
because it is a necessity for life.  He did not know what he would find, but he was
looking for food first, for survival.

What was the setting for Leo Tolstoy's story "The Penitent Sinner"?

The setting of this powerful short piece of fiction mostly
occurs at the gates of heaven, as the story focuses on the attempts of the repentant
sinner of the title to gain admission through the pearly gates into heaven itself. Thus,
for most of the story, the action occurs in a spiritual realm. The only reference to the
earthly realm that is given comes at the beginning, when the sinner, on his deathbed,
repents, and then dies, going up into the spiritual
realm:

And as
he said these words, his soul left his body. And the soul of the sinner, feeling love
towards God and faith in His mercy, went to the gates of heaven and knocked, praying to
be let into the heavenly
kingdom.

The vast majority of
this short piece of fiction occurs outside heaven, in front of the heavenly gates, and
only at the very end does the setting shift as the gates open and the sinner is embraced
by the Apostle John and allowed to enter heaven.

How effective was the Waffen-SS as a military force?I know they were fanatical in their racial and political beliefs, but how good were they as...

The most usual answer to this is that the Waffen SS was
not very militarily effective at the beginning of the war.  However, it became an elite
unit by the end of the war.

At the beginning of the war,
the Waffen SS did not have good training or good NCOs.  The organization had been
created more as a police force and its membership was based more on racial and political
purity than on military prowess.  Because of this, the emphasis in its training had been
more political than military.

However, as the war went on,
the Waffen SS came to be much better trained.  This training, along with its higher
levels of morale, helped make it an elite force.  In many areas of the Eastern Front,
for example, it came to be used as an emergency reserve that would be sent wherever
there was serious trouble.

So, the Waffen SS started out
ineffective but later became the fighting force that was given the hardest assignments
because it was so effective.

What was your opinion on the story "The Penitent Sinner" by Leo Tolstoy?Did you enjoy it? Did you hate it? Explain and elaborate your answer, using...

I think the reaction that a reader will have to this short
piece of fiction by Tolstoy will rather depend on their own religious sensibilities. For
me, as a Christian, I found this a rather poignant reminder of the power of grace and
how, at the end of the day, all of us, no matter when we repent or if we repent or not,
have committed far more sins than good deeds. All of us therefore are in need of the
kind of love of God that the sinner trying to gain admission into heaven testifies to
when he speaks to the Apostle John, the last of the three Biblical characters to come
and interrogate him and see if he can enter. God's grace and love is something that we
can cling on to in the face of our sin and complete inability to gain admission to
heaven based on our good deeds. The sinner only manages to enter at the end of the story
because of the love of God and his sacrifice for him, and thus this is a powerful
reminder of the grace of God.

Why did the poet John Masefield describe the rain as "warm" in "The West Wind"?

Let us remember what this poem is all about. This poem
represents a dive into nostalgia as the feel of the West Wind reminds the poet of home
and of all that is good there. The entire poem is an evocation of how wonderful life is
like in his home, and the description of the natural elements reinforces this theme.
Consider how the rain your question refers to is
described:

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"Will ye not come home brother? ye have been
long away, 
It's April, and blossom time, and white is the may; 
And
bright is the sun brother, and warm is the rain,-- 
Will ye not come home,
brother, home to us
again?

This is the voice that
the wind carries to the speaker. Of course, this is an exaggeration. Anybody who has
been away from home for a long time forgets the realities of what life is like for them
back in their home. Speaking as somebody from England myself who has been away from his
country for over a year, I find myself having similarly nostalgic thoughts about
England, but at the same time I remember that the rain in England is hardly ever "warm"
and is actually mostly cold and miserable, but describing the rain in this way would
rather detract from the tone of nostalgia!

What is Diamond's argument in Chapter 2 of Guns, Germs, and Steel?

In Chapter 2, Diamond is arguing that it is geography, and
not culture, that determines what kind of a society springs up in any given place.  To
prove this, he looks at evidence from Polynesia.

Diamond
tells us that all the people who inhabited Polynesia came from the same ethnic and
cultural background.  Therefore, if culture was what really mattered, they should all
have ended up with similar societies.  Instead, what happened is that various Polynesian
societies ended up with very different levels of economic and political development. 
Diamond says that those that sprang up on large islands or island groups became more
advanced.  Those that arose on small islands with fewer resources remained small and
relatively primitive.

This, to Diamond, proves that it is
geography rather than culture that determines what a society ends up being
like.

How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau impact government?

Rousseau is studied in history and government classes
because of the work he did with “social contract” theory. This theory advances the idea
that people make agreements, or contracts, with each other and with governments for the
purpose of forming safe societies in which they may live in relative
freedom.

Rousseau, however, is not the only social contract
theorist. Hobbes, Locke, and Montesquieu also formulated their own brand of the theory.
In fact, it is Locke’s thought that is probably closest to the government formed by the
United States in the 18th century.

Rousseau favored a
system of direct democracy, in which all citizens voted on every issue. Locke, on the
other hand, favored our current republican form of representative government, in which
we elect others to represent us in the government. Locke also believed that voting
rights should only be granted to property owners, and, in fact, this was the case in the
United States when the Constitution was first written. It was only in the early 19th
century when voting rights began to expand to include people other than white, male,
property owners. In this matter, we have moved a little closer to Rousseau’s ideal,
although the United States will certainly never be a direct
democracy.

What techniques does the author use to emphasize lower class prejudice in To Kill a Mockingbird?Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird

Perhaps the predominant method by which Harper Lee conveys
class prejudice is through the use of dialogue.  For instance, Aunt Alexandra is the
voice for class distinction as she tries to counteract the liberal influence of her
brother Atticus by discussing the eminence of the Finches in Chapter 13.  Later, he
tells Jem,

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"Your aunt has asked me to try and impress upon
you and Jean-Louise that you are not from run-of-the-mill people, that you are the
product of several generations' gentle
breeding---"

She is adamant
about Scout's not inviting Walter Cunningham to the house, telling her, "...they're not
our kind of folks."  Further, Aunt Alexandra says,

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"That's your father all over again," said Aunt
Alexandra, "and I still say that Jean Louise will not invite Walter Cunningham to this
house. If he were her double first cousin once removed he would still not be received in
this house unless he comes to see Atticus on business. Now that is
that."

When Scout asks why,
Aunt Alexandra explains that he is "trash."  She tells Scout that she does not want him
around because Scout will pick up his habits and learn
"Lord-knows-what." 

Scout and Jem's cousin Francis echoes
this kind of thinking,

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"Just what I said. Grandma says it's bad enough
he lets you all run wild, but now he's turned out a nigger-lover we'll never be able to
walk the streets of Maycomb agin. He's ruinin' the family, that's what he's
doin'."

That Aunt Alexandra
is snobbish comes through with one of Jem's comments to
her:

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"Aunty," Jem spoke up, "Atticus says you can
choose your friends but you sho' can't choose your family, an' they're still kin to you
no matter whether you acknowledge 'em or not, and it makes you look right silly when you
don't."

Later,
Jem explains the class system to Scout, telling her that there is
the

ordinary
folks like us and the neighbors, there's the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods,
the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the
Negroes.

In addition to the
use of dialogue as a means of conveying the class prejudices, the actions and reactions
of characters also express the distinctions.  For instance, while Bob Ewell is on the
stand, his reactions to Atticus's questions indicate his sense of inferiority as he
misconstrues Atticus's intentions as being to ridicule him.  Also, he retaliates against
the humiliation that he experienced in court by Atticus's proving him a liar; he spits
in Atticus's face in a public place.  Thus, through her characterization methods, Harper
Lee portrays the class prejudices whether they are real or
perceived. 

How does media influence the audience towards political participation?

Some scholars would actually argue that the media
influences audiences away from participation.  They would say that the media shows the
bad side of politicians to such a large degree that people become disgusted and are less
likely to want to participate.

If, however, you are
supposed to argue that the media encourages participation, you can say that it is
because the media lets people know about the problems that are going on in the country. 
This, for example, is what happened in the Progressive Era when the muckrakers had such
an important influence.  When people find out about these problems, they become
motivated to act.  They participate politically in an attempt to push the government to
solve the problems they see portrayed in the media.

How would you say 'I don't play golf and I never go fishing' in Spanish?How would nunca be translated?I have to do a poem and i need help.

The sentence "I don't play golf and I never go fishing"
can be translated into Spanish as follows: "No juego al golf y nunca voy a
pescar".

As you see, you must use the present tense, which
is one of the most used verb tenses (both in Spanish and in English). The present tense
can be used in many different contexts, but here you use it to express the idea that an
action -habit, hobby...- is not repeated or usual.

As far
as your second -and related- question is concerned, "nunca” is the adverb of frequency
used in Spanish to indicate ‘never’.

The female characters in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter defy Puritanical laws.Comment?plz answer in detail

Nathaniel Hawthorne's, The Scarlet Letter,
exposes the dilemma of a theology that would deny the very humanness of
mankind. For, in its absolute forbiddings of passion and its retribution against sin,
there is  denial of the emotion that exists in the human heart.  Little Pearl, who is
the result of the erotic love of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, epitomizes this
human passion; yet, she cannot become fully human until the sin of Dimmesdale and Hester
is publicly acknowledged and she kisses her father with passion and
love.

With this Puritancal denial to emotional expression,
all in the community are repressed, but it is the women, intrinsically more emotional,
who suffer the more.  Therefore, they seek expressive outlets surreptitiously through
secret love affairs or through witchcraft where theirsurpressed emotions can be
released.  Mistress Hibbins goes to the black mass in the forest primeval, the site
of human sympathy for sin and the darkness of the heart where she feels excitement and
emotional release. 

It is further evidence of this need of
expression for human feeling that the townspeople, instead of totally rejecting Hester
and isolating her from the community, invite her into their homes to attend the sick and
the dying, a time of high emotion in their dwellings.

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Such helpfulness was found in her--so much power
to do, and power to sympathise--that many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by
its original significance. [Ch.
13]

Further, Hawthorne as
narrator comments,

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She who has once been woman, and ceased to be so,
might at any moment become a woman again, if there were only the magic touch to effect
the transformation.

This
"touch" is perceived as Hester casts aside her letter of scorn and lets down her hair
when she meets Dimmesdale in the forest.  Again, her hair returns to its luxurious
beauty and her feminity is apparent as witness to the unnaturalness of her wearing the
letter that denies her feminine passion--"the scarlet letter has not done its
office."

In fact, in Chapter XIII, Hester Prynne ponders
the "the hopeless task" of emotional independence for women who must abandon the
priorities of the heart if they are to ever achieve any recognition as individuals. 
And, it is the harshness of Puritanism ironically which has prompted Hester's thoughts
on this
condition. 

In Shakespeare's Hamlet, how might one analyze Hamlet's response to his mother's marriage to Claudius?

Hamlet’s reaction to Gertrude’s marriage to Claudius is
most fully outlined in act 3, scene 4, when he confronts her directly. During the course
of this confrontation, he makes the following
points:

• He accuses her of having married the man
  who killed her husband (Hamlet’s father [3.4.28-29]).


• He
  accuses her of marrying a man (Claudius) who can in no way, especially physically but
  also in character, compare to Old Hamlet (3.4.53-71).


• He
  accuses her of having sexual relations with a man (Claudius) whom she should despise
  (3.4.91-94).


• He accuses her of being unwilling to admit
  her mistakes (3.4.144-49).


• He urges her to confess her
  sins to God and to

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Repent what’s past, avoid what is to
come,

And do not spread the compost on the
weeds

To make them ranker.
(3.4.149-52)

• He
  urges her to refrain from sleeping any longer with Claudius
  (3.4.159).


• He tells her that if she can refrain one time
  from such sin, refraining will become easier and easier each time she refrains
  (3.4.165-70).

Hamlet detests Claudius because
he believes (rightly) that Claudius is guilty of Old Hamlet’s murder. Hamlet does not
accuse his mother of knowing about the murder or of having participated in it, but he
does accuse her of giving her affections (and body) to a man wholly unworthy of her love
or loyalty. He believes that she has offended the memory of her dead husband and has
also offended Hamlet himself, not only by marrying Claudius but by marrying him so
quickly after Old Hamlet’s death. Some critics believe that Hamlet’s obsession with his
mother is excessive and even somewhat sexual, and this scene is often played as if it
illustrated Sigmund Freud’s theories about the so-called “Oedipus complex.” Yet Hamlet
does not seem jealous at all of his father’s relations with the queen, however disturbed
he may be by Gertrude’s relationship with Claudius.

What should I say in a 3 page diary of a made-up person from the Renaissance?i have to write a creative writting peice of a diary from a character...

What your teacher is likely to want to see here is
evidence that you have understood what you have read or been told about the changes of
the Renaissance.  So, the best thing for you to do would be to look at all the things
that your teacher or book has said about what things were like in the Renaissance.  Then
try to imagine how such things would impact a specific person who was living during that
time.

For example, a major change going on during the
Renaissance was a move toward humanism and away from simply relying on the authority of
the Church.  One way this was shown was through changes in art.  So maybe you could have
an entry in which you talk about having gone to see some famous piece of art that was
created during this time.  You could talk about your reactions to it.  Maybe you could
say that it was really realistic and centered on humans rather than God.  Then you could
talk about wondering if that is the right way for art to
be.

So, just look for major trends in the Renaissance and
try to imagine how a specific person would have experienced
them.

In Chapter 4 of The Call of the Wild, is it possible to interpret the dogs as symbolic?

This is a very broad question that is not too specific.
The dogs you refer to are major characters in the novel as a whole, and so you need to
specify which dog and which action you are refering to in Chapter Four to help us answer
this question.

For example, one of the interesting aspects
of Buck in this chapter is the way that he is presented as being something of a mystical
dog who is able to see the ancient past and man's relationship with dogs back then. Note
the description of what Buck sees:

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He was all but naked, a ragged and firescorched
skin hanging partway down his back, but on his body there was much hair... He did not
stand erect, but with trunk inclined forward from the hips, on legs that bent at the
knees. About this body there was a peculiar springiness, or resiliency, almost catlike,
and a quick alertness as of one who lived in perpetual fear of things seen and
unseen.

Note the way in which
this vision is richly symbolic of the long relationship between man and dog, that
stretches back even unto the period in history when man was a caveman and depended on
his relationship with his canine friend to help protect him from the fears of the
night.

you are given a polygon with n=50 sides. how many diagonals does this polygon have? show all work.

A diagonal is a line joining two nonconsecutive vertices
of a polygon. The polygon here has 50 sides. A polygon that has 50 sides has fifty
vertices.

From each vertex we can draw a
diagonal to 48 other vertices.

But the diagonal drawn from
a vertex to another, and that from the other vertex to the one we started with, is the
same. This reduces the total number of diagonals to
half.

The total number of diagonals is 50*48/2 =
1200

A polygon with 50 sides has 1200
diagonals.

In the play Othello, how is the character othello presented in act 1 scene 3??

Othello is presented as a man who is well respected by the
duke but who has taken liberties with the daughter another very important man in Venice.
This has caused some trouble for Venice. Othello marries Desdemona, the man's daughter,
without her father's knowledge. The father, Brabantio consdiers this
kidnapping.

Othello however states his side of the story
rationally and respectfully. He is honest in his discussion not denying any of the
claims but rather stating why he is innocent of the allegations of kidnap and
witchcraft. He tells the court that Desdemona and him fell in love and that no
witchcraft was present in their courtship. Othello loses no dignity or respect at this
time.

When Desdemona comes in, Othello is further
characterized as a man who is adventurous and compelling in his ability to tell stories.
He is heroic and won the heart of Desdemona fairly. In this way, the matter is settled
and Brabantio loses his case.

What does "three leagues off" mean?

The phrase you are asking about is in Act I, scene 1 of
Much Ado About Nothing. Leonato, the governor of Messina, reads in
a letter that Don Pedro is coming to visit Messina that night. The messenger who brought
him the letter confirms what Leonato says and states, "He is very near by this. He was
not three leagues off when I left him."

A league is a
measure of distance. On land, it is usually considered to be three miles. So if Don
Pedro is traveling by land and is "not three leagues off," then he is roughly nine miles
from Messina. If he is traveling by sea, however, he is slightly farther away. A
nautical mile is about 5.6km. Since there are 1.6 kilometers in a mile, and a league is
three nautical miles, then "not three leagues off" by sea would be about 14 miles. I'm
not a math whiz, so you might want to check my
multiplication!

I hope this helps
you.

How does Harper Lee use social stereotyping to highlight the dangers of prejudice? Mainly, how does she use racial stereotypes and gender...

There are several characters in To Kill a
Mockingbird who are classic stereotypes. Bob Ewell is the most obvious
example, representing "poor, white trash" of the worst kind. Bob has absolutely no
redeeming qualities: He has no job, drinks up his welfare paycheck, is practically
illiterate, pays no attention to his children's needs, and stirs up trouble wherever he
lurks. He is the epitome of the racist white man in his lowest
form.

The Cunningham family is another example of
stereotyping. The Cunninghams are racist; it is Walter Sr. who leads the lynch mob that
plans to hang Tom Robinson. But, as Jem points out in his "four kinds of people" in
Maycomb social ladder, the Cunninghams are honest, hard-working people, farmers who are
down on their luck--unlike Bob Ewell, who is too lazy to hold down a job. One of the
Cunninghams even proves to be the lone holdout on the jury, a man who hates blacks but
who also has a conscience.

Lula, the African-American woman
who objects to Calpurnia bringing Jem and Scout to the all-black church, is a stereotype
of a different sort. She is big, loud and forceful, and she tries to rally support among
the congregation to bar Cal from entering the church with the white children. However,
no one sides with her. Lula represents the small but emerging black voice that objects
to the Jim Crow laws and white power social structure that continues to keep blacks on
the lowest step of Maycomb's (and the Deep South's) social
ladder.

What does the quote said by Willy, in "The Death of a Salesman", "be liked and you will never want" mean?

Willy Loman, in Arthur Miller's play "The Death of a
Salesman", states the following: "be liked and you will never
want."

Basically, what Willy is saying here, is no
different from how people are regarded today--62 years later. People who are liked get
more out of those who like them. Whether it is sales (like Loman) or friendship. It is
simply easier to do something, to help someone out, when you like
them.

Here, Loman is simply stating the facts in life.
During a conversation with his wife, Linda, Willy is simply stating that he cannot
understand how he cannot make the sales he so desperately
needs.

Later, in Act One, the quote in question
appears:

the
man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates a personal
interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked and you will never want." Act 1, Part
3

Willy understands that the
man who makes himself known, the man who, in essence, "plays the part", is the man who
will be liked by all others. In the end, when one is liked by others, it is simply
easier to get what they need from them.

Why is Andy regretful? Why does he regret joining the gang?

Your question asks, “Why is Andy regretful? Why does he
regret joining the gang?” I must assume that you refer to the short story, “On the
Sidewalk, Bleeding” by Evan Hunter.  In this short story, Andy regrets his decision to
become a Royal (the name of his gang and rival to the Guardians) when he realizes that
he is dying from a stab wound.

Andy is stabbed as he leaves
a party (a joint) to buy cigarettes. The candy store, where he expects to make the
purchase, is closed. Therefore, he decides to go to another store which is a short
distance away. Unfortunately, as he enters the alley, someone stabs him and remarks,
“That's for you Royal!”

Initially, despite the profusely
bleeding wound, Andy does not realize that he is dying. However, once it occurs to him
that no help is on the way and that he will likely die in the alley, he begins to regret
his decision to join the gang. He realizes that he loves Laura, his girlfriend, and that
he would like to build a life with her. He also begins to understand that his attackers
did not target him personally. They simply responded to the purple silk jacket that
identified him as a Royal, an enemy. Andy desperately wants to discard the jacket so
that, when his body is discovered, he is identified as an individual and not simply as a
gang member.

 Andy realizes too late that his decision to
join the Royals was a mistake. He loses his opportunity to build a better life for
himself with one who loves him (Laura). He also knows that the police will see only the
purple silk jacket and assume that his death was inevitable and in consequence of the
gang rivalry between the Royals and the Guardians. a

What are the differences between a Democracy and a Republic, and which one is best represented in our Constitution?

The most commonly known form of
Democracy is the Representative Democracy,
where the people elect representatives to act as a government. In theory, every form of
a Democracy would give ultimate power to the people, in equal weight per person and in
every matter. The concept of freedom and equality of citizens has changed drastically
since the first form of Democracy in Ancient Greece; most forms today utilize some type
of Representative government.

A
Republic is superficially similar -- the people retain ultimate
control over the government and there is no "king" to rule without limits -- but most
Republics outside the United States are Sovereign or
Unitary Nations, with the governmental structures basing their
decisions entirely in the hold of power instead of legal or ethical
reasons.

The form of a Republican
Government in the United States is very similar to a Democratic
Government, and uses aspects of each in an attempt to guarantee fairness to
all citizens. Essentially, the United States Government is a Representative Democracy in
which the people, through the Constitution, indirectly control
their elected officials. The phrase Constitutional Republic is
often used today to indicate a system of government in which all official, public
positions are answerable to the people and are limited in their powers both by other
branches of government (Checks and Balances) and the arbitrating
law of the Constitution itself.

One interesting note comes
from James Madison in his essay Federalist Number
10:

readability="12">

A pure democracy can admit no cure for the
mischiefs of faction. A common passion or interest will be felt by a majority, and there
is nothing to check the inducements to sacrifice the weaker party. Hence it is, that
democracies have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of
property; and have, in general, been as short in their lives as they have been violent
in their deaths.

The
implication is that pure Democracy will always fall prey to majority rule, whether it is
moral and ethical or not. Alterations of definition resulting from this statement are
the root of the term "Republic" having a different meaning in the United States than
elsewhere in the world.

The bottom line is that the United
States government uses aspects of both traditional Democracy and traditional
Republicanism. The Founders, in writing the Federalist Papers, weighed the pros and cons
of each system and chose the best parts of each. Because of the changing nature of the
language, we can refer to the United States either as a Democracy (representative) or as
a Republic (constitutional) and be correct either way.

Can some answer this please? Does the human brain double in time? I dont know how to answer this question and I need to knowCan someone help me out...

Joelle, I think the problem is that we're not sure what
you're asking. Are you asking about the size of the brain doubling? Or its thinking
capacity, or its processing speed?  And what sort of time are we talking about? Are you
asking if a person's brain grows during their lifetime, or if the average brain size of
the human race has increased during evolutionary time?

A
clear question will certainly get you an answer here, but we need to understand your
objective in order to help you.

Describe some of the benefits of having a healthy normal flora in the large intestines?

The intestine is divided into two parts:
Large and Small. The Small
Intestine is what we think of when we hear the word
intestine: a collection of looped tubes, passing feces to the anus.
However, the Small Intestine is actually at the top of the chain; it connects to the
Stomach and passes food along while digesting fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The
Large Intestine has a larger diameter but is shorter, and absorbs
vitamins and water while compacting wasted into the rectum, where it waits for
extrection. Both intestines are lined with powerful muscles that move material along by
Peristalsis, or muscle contration in
series.

Intestinal Flora are the
largest collection of cells in the body. Composed primarily of
Anaerobes, or non-oxygen-using cells, Intestinal Flora is
responsible for breaking down and releasing parts of food and nutrients that cannot be
harvested by the stomach flora. In the Large Intestine, the flora is mainly involved in
breaking down undigested fiber, releasing and producing vitamins, and creating
Cross-Reactive Antibodies, which protect the vulnurable anal
opening against outside infection. Without these flora, fiber would continue to the
rectum and cause constipation, vitamins would be excreted with waste instead of
absorbed, and any bacteria entering the body via the anus would be able to attack from
inside.

Intestinal Flora is difficult to culture and as a
result not all species have been identified. They are an example of Friendly
Bacteria living in symbiosis inside the human body. Antibiotics and
chemotherapy can inadvertantly kill off large quantities of Intestinal Flora, leaving
the body open to digestion issues and infection.

How does Oedipus Rex follow the unities ?Oedipus Rex by Sophocles

While the "Unity of Place" was simply the necessity of
construction for the Greek stage, the only unity that Aristotle insisted upon was the
"Unity of Action" although he did state that tragedy must keep its action "within one
revolution of the sun," implying that "Unity of Time" is also a requisite to
tragedy.

Unity of
Place

The action of Oedipus
Rex by Sophocles centers around Thebes where the city has been beset with
plagues, famines, and fire. As king, Oedipus promises to seek the reason for these
punishments; in so doing, he learns that the gods have reacted against the murder of
their previous king, Laius. And, tragically, it is revealed that Oedipus has been the
murderer. Oedipus punishes himself by blinding himself; then, he has Creon order his
exile. ending the play, however, with Oedipus being led into the
palace.

Unity of
Time

The plot of Oedipus Rex does keep its
action within Aristotle's "one revolution of the sun." For, the incidents that lead to
the tragedy-- the prophecy that causes Laius and Jocasta to give up their son, the
discovery of the baby Oedipus, and the murder of Laius--are all outside the drama
proper. It is only the attempt to learn the cause(s) of the problems in Thebes that
concerns the drama.

Unity of
Action 

All the action of the drama proper
revolves around the attempt of Oedipus to find a remedy for the terrible occurrences in
Thebes.  He sends his brother-in-law Creon to the Oracle of Apollo in Delphi to learn
what causes the fire, famine, and plague in Thebes.  When Creon returns, Oedipus begins
his investigation of the death of his predecessor, Laius.  Of course, he learns his own
involvement in this death and the consequences of his
actions.

____________________________

In
his Poetics, which has become the consummate guideline for tragedy,
Aristotle praises Oedipus Rex for having an exemplary,
well-constructed plot that takes place with one full day; in addition Aristotle contends
that Sophocles's play is one which is capable of inspiring fear and pity not only in its
audience but especially in those who have merely heard of the story.  And, part of this
impact upon audiences is due to the play's unity of action, as well as unified time and
place.

What are three examples of foreshadowing in sections 1 and 2 of Night by Elie Wiesel?

Foreshadowing is used frequently in Elie Wiesel’s
autobiographical novel Night, and it is especially noticeable to
anyone who has read the book more than once.

Almost
immediately, in section 1, the narrator mentions that as a young boy he “believed
profoundly,” thus ironically foreshadowing his later religious doubts.  Likewise, within
the first page or so the boy mentions that he used to weep when he prayed. When asked
why, he replied that “something inside of me . . . felt the need for tears” – words that
will seem all the more meaningful in light of the tragic and pitiful events the book
later describes.

At one point in section 1 a mentor of the
narrator tells the narrator that

readability="7">

“Man raises himself toward God by the questions
he asks Him . . . . That is the true dialogue. Man questions God and God answers. But we
don’t understand his answers. We can’t understand them. . .
.”

This passage is obviously
relevant to the book’s later emphasis on asking difficult questions of God and of being
uncertain about the answers provided, if any.

However, one
of the passages in section 1 that is most disturbing in its use of foreshadowing is a
passage in which the narrator mentions a group of foreign Jews who were expelled from
his native village:

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Crammed into
cattle trains by Hungarian police, they wept
bitterly. We stood on the platform and wept too. The
train disappeared on the horizon; it left nothing
behind but its thick, dirty smoke. [emphasis
added]

All the words and
phrases emphasized here provide grim and eerie foreshadowing of later sections of the
book.

A passage in section 2 foreshadowed by some of the
passages already quoted (and in turn foreshadowing later passages) is this one, prompted
by the narrator’s personal experiences in a concentration
camp:

Some
talked of of God, of his mysterious ways, of the sins of the Jewish people, and of their
future deliverance. But I had ceased to pray. How I sympathized with Job! I did not deny
God’s existence, but I doubted His absolute
justice.

Earlier the boy had
been told that God’s answers are not entirely clear; now he has good reason to think so
himself.

As a younger boy, the narrator had indeed prayed;
now he doesn’t.  As a younger boy, the narrator had been told that God was mysterious;
now he is confronted personally with one of the most mysterious aspects of God: his
apparent tolerance of earthly evil.

Wiesel's book is tied
together by many passages that foreshadow others and that in turn recall passages from
earlier in the work.

How many Grams of of Hydrogen will be relased when water reacts with 10 of Ca,and 10 gram of CaH2.The answers are 0.5 gram of H2 and b 0.95 gram...

When water reacts with calcium, the equation of the
chemical reaction is: Ca + 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 + H2

For
every mole of calcium in the reacts we have one mole of hydrogen being released. The
molar mass of calcium is 40, 10 g of calcium is 1/4 of a mole. Therefore 1/4 mole of
hydrogen is produced. As the molar mass of hydrogen is 2, the mass of hydrogen released
is 2*(1/4) = 1/2 = 0.5 g

When water reacts with CaH2, the
equation of the chemical reaction is: CaH2 + 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 +
2H2

For every mole of CaH2 we have two moles of H2
released. The molar mass of CaH2 is 42, 10 g is 10/42 mole. The number of moles of H2
released is 2*(10/42). The mass of 10/21 mole of hydrogen is 20/21 = 0.95
g

I have a transcript of an audio recording of an interview with W. E. B. Dubois. What would be the appropriate footnote citation format in the...

The latest edition of Harbrace
Essentials, by Cheryl Glenn and Loretta Gray, provides guidelines for four
different methods of citing sources; Modern Language Association style; Chicago Manual
of Style; American Psychological Association style; and Council of Science Editors
style.

Most teachers would agree with the following
statement:

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There is no single, "right" way to cite a source;
there are various ways required in different circumstances and by different teachers,
and it is important to follow your teacher's precise directions.  -- Robert C. Evans  
:-)

If you are writing your
paper for an English class, the preferred choice is probably the Modern Language
Association style.  If you are writing your paper for a history class, the preferred
choice is probably the Chicago Manual of Style.  You may want to ask your teacher which
of these two styles of documentation s/he prefers.

For
examples of how to cite interviews using the MLA and CMS methods, see the links
below.

How do we learn about the main character?

I think that much is gained about Tessie in terms of her
own statements.  When Tessie enters into the story, she is making jokes with Summers and
demonstrates an air of zeal about the "ceremony."  We start gaining more insight into
Tessie when her husband pulls the paper that means that someone from the Hutchinson
family will be targeted.  When Tessie starts to implicate her own family members, asking
that they be included in this secondary drawing, and then focusing on how Bill was
rushed, it is evident that Tessie is uncomfortable with the notion of being targeted. 
This is in stark contrast to how she was at the start of the ceremony, indicating that
she is only reticent about the practice of the town when she is the intended victim. 
This becomes more evident when she starts to protest her own identification as the
target.  Her words of "It isn't fair, it isn't right," is a reflection of how the
practice of the village is intrinsically immoral and horrifically savage.  However, it
is also a reflection of her own sense of hypocrisy.  Tessie is right in that what the
village is doing is wrong and unfair. Yet, she only seems to protest because she is
implicated.  Tessie's character is constructed in an interesting manner in that she
speaks for a larger and human truth, but one that is only experienced in a small and
self -interested manner.

What is the domain of f(x) = (x+1)/(x^2 - 7x + 12)

We have to find the domain of f(x) = (x+1)/(x^2 - 7x +
12)

The domain is the set of all values of the independent
variable x for which f(x) is defined.

f(x) = (x+1)/(x^2 -
7x + 12) is defined for all values of x except those that make x^2 - 7x + 12 = 0. When
the denominator is 0, we get a number of the form (x - 1)/0 which is
indeterminate.

x^2 - 7x + 12 =
0

=> x^2 – 4x – 3x + 12 =
0

=> x(x – 4) – 3(x – 4) =
0

=> (x – 4)(x – 3) =
0

The denominator becomes 0 when x = 4 and when x =
3

The domain of the function is R – {3,
4}

With numbers 1 to 9, we have to make the answer 100. How?You have numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. You cannot change their sequence. You can only use +...

With numbers 1 to 9, we have to make the answer 100.
How?

You have numbers 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. You cannot change their
sequence. You can only use + or -. You can also join two or three digits but only in
order. eg: 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, 67, 78, 89 etc. You cannot use a number twice. Solve
it.

Why do the boys think the island is a paradise?

The boys think the island is paradise because there are no
adults with them and therefore, they are free to do what they want, when they want;
there is no one to hold them accountable or responsible. This is evident when, despite
crashing onto a deserted island, the boys' actions are quite carefree.  "Ralph danced
out into the hot air of the beach and then returned as a fighter-plane, with wings swept
back and machine-gunned Piggy" (11).  They do not seem to realize the perils that may be
ahead and have a hard time focusing on important matters, such as the signal fire, which
they let go out.  When Piggy tries to speak about building shelters, "all the boys
except Piggy started to giggle; presently they were shrieking with laughter" (45).  The
island becomes a playground for them as some boys build sand castles and others become
"explorers."  Unfortunately, they will learn that their paradise is
short-lived.

What is the function of populism?

The main function of populism is to allow the ideas of a
certain set of the "common people" to be heard and to allow that group of people to feel
as if they have a voice.  This can be seen in many ways with the Tea Party movement
today.

Populism is an ideology that stresses the virtue of
the traditionally-minded "common people."  It asserts that their instincts and values
are superior to those of both the elites and the poor (particularly, at least in the US,
non-white and immigrant poor).

Today in the US, we see this
dynamic at work in the rise of the Tea Party.  Members of this populist movement assert
that their values (self-reliance, belief in small government, traditional social values)
are what made the country great.  They argue that elites (Obama, Bernanke, the bankers,
liberals in general) and the poor are combining to destroy that
greatness.

Populism functions, then, to give a voice to the
"silent majority" of common people who see themselves as the backbone of the
country.

How are Doodle and the brother's traits similar and different from each other?how are they similar and different

Doodle and his older brother are very much alike in the
face of a challenge. The older brother takes on the challenge of teaching Doodle to
walk. He has a tenacious attitude. He is determined that he will teach Doodle to walk.
He is embarrassed by his handicapped brother:

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Driven by shame at having a crippled sibling,
Brother forms a plan to secretly teach Doodle to walk. Eventually, he succeeds. This
initial success is not, however, enough for Brother, who is determined that Doodle will
not shame him by being seen as different when he starts
school.

Doodle is like his
brother in his tenacity. Doodle is determined he will make his brother proud of him. He
repeatedly tries to walk. Every time he falls down, he gets right back up. He will prove
himself strong in spite of his handicap. In the face of a great challenge, he is
triumphant. He is victorious. He learns to walk and run because he refuses to give
up.

Doodle and his older brother are alike in their
determination. They both prove themselves triumphant. In the face of obstacles, they
refuse to be discouraged. They contribute great strength and their efforts prove
successful.

Doodle and his older brother differ in their
reasons for confronting the challenge of Doodle learning to walk. The older brother is
embarrassed of Doodle's handicap. He does not desire for Doodle to begin school
handicapped. He pushes Doodle to walk so he will not have to face the children at school
with a handicapped brother. His desire for Doodle to walk is motivated by his selfish
image that he must protect.

Doodle is different than his
older brother. He desires to walk to please his brother. He admires his older brother.
He reveres his older brother. Doodle will walk to make his older brother happy. More
than any thing, Doodle wants his older brother to be proud of
him.

Even though both brothers share a common goal which is
teaching Doodle to walk, they differ in their motivation to reach that goal. The older
brother is selfish and ashamed of his handicapped brother. Doodle is selfless and so
proud of his older brother. He idolizes his older brother. The older brother finds
Doodle as a burden, one that he must deal with every day of his life. Doodle just wants
to be with his older brother out of respect and devotion.

In Chapter 22 of To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem tells Dill ''you can take that runner with you,'' but he never tells us what a runner is.A runner must...

This is a very good question, and I have always wondered
exactly what Jem meant by his use of the word "runner" in this context. Reading the text
carefully, Dill has just appeared in the Finch house in time for lunch. Dill angers Aunt
Alexandra when he claims that he has seen his Aunt Rachel
drink

"... a
pint for breakfast every morning--knows she drinks two glasses full. Seen
her."

When Alexandra
admonishes Dill for his accusation, "Jem's eyes flashed at her," and he decided it was
time for them to leave. While telling his story, Dill has
been

...
gnawing a chicken leg.

My
guess is that Dill had not finished eating his chicken and when Jem told him to "take
that runner with you," he was referring to the uneaten chicken
leg.

In The Epic of Gilgamesh, what does Endiku teach Gilgamesh?

In this famous epic story, Endiku seems to have the role
of acting as foil to Gilgamesh and reminding Gilgamesh of what it is to be human. At
various stages in the narrative Endiku prevents Gilgamesh from completely forgetting who
he is and acts as a kind of link to humanity. Consider, for example, the following
incident. When Gilgamesh is about to kill Humbaba, Humbaba pleads for his life and
promises that he will serve the gods. Gilgamesh is tempted by this proposal, in spite of
the way that Humbaba is depicted as an evil, deceitful creature, and it is only Endiku's
words that encourage him to kill the giant after all:

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Endiku feared his friend was
weakening

And called out: Gilgamesh! Don't trust
him!

As if there were some hunger in
himself

That Gilgamesh was
feeling

That turned him momentarily to
yearn

For someone who would serve, he
paused...

Throughout this
epic, therefore, we can see that Gilgamesh's weakness is his excessive pride. His
relationship with Endiku who is a human is something that helps to humble Gilgamesh and
to remind him of what it means to be human.

How to prove the identity sin^4x - cos^4x / sin^3x - cos^3x = Sinx + cosx / 1 + sinxcosx

We have to prove that: [(sin x)^4 - (cos x)^4]/[(sin x)^3
- (cos x)^3 = (sin x + cos x) / (1 + sin x* cos x)

[(sin
x)^4 - (cos x)^4]/[(sin x)^3 - (cos x)^3

use a^2 - b^2 = (a
- b)(a + b) and a^3 - b^3 = (a - b)*(b^2  + a*b +
a^2)

=> [(sin x - cos x)(sin x + cos x)(sin x)^2 +
(cos x)^2]/(sin x - cos x)((sin x)^2 + sin x*cos x + (cos
x)^2)

=> [(sin x + cos x)(sin x)^2 + (cos x)^2]/(sin
x - cos x)((sin x)^2 + sin x*cos x + (cos x)^2)

use (sin
x)^2 + (cos x)^2 = 1

=> (sin x + cos x)*1/(sin x -
cos x)(1 + sin x*cos x)

This proves: [(sin
x)^4 - (cos x)^4]/[(sin x)^3 - (cos x)^3 = (sin x + cos x) / (1 + sin x* cos
x)

In "The Masque of the Red Death," what trait of Prince Prospero is suggested by the setting?

The section of the short story you want to look at is the
second paragraph, which gives us an excellent description of the setting of this story
and also reveals how this reflects Prince Prospero's character. Consider the way in
which Prince Prospero's response to the Red Death is to retire to the "deep seclusion of
one of his castellated abbeys." Note the way that this abbey is described with
particular emphasis placed on its impenetrability:

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A strong and lofty wall girdled it in. This wall
had gates of iron. The courtiers, having entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and
welded the bolts. They resolved to leave means neither of ingress or egress to the
sudden impulses of despair or of frenzy from
within.

Quite clearly, the
Prince and his friends hope to cheat death by locking themselves away from the world and
continuing their hedonistic way of life. Prince Prospero's arrogance and bravery in
trying to cheat death is thus shown, as is his selfishness and his lack of care and
concern for those left on the outside.

Do any of the boys believe in the beast?

Depending where you are in the book, you will find that a
majority of the boys believe in the beast. At times, they think the pigs that travel the
island might be the beast. Other times, the dead man hanging by his parachute is
believed to be the beast. However, Simon sees for readers that this is not the case. At
another time, a large mass is believed to be the beast. Once again, older ones discover
this is not the beast. The little ones continue to believe passionately in the beast and
they convince the majority of the older ones in the presence of such a beast. The tribal
boys kill a pig and mount his head. This could be another allusion to the
beast.

By the end of the book, readers realize that the
beast is the evil within man. Much biblical allusion is given to the Devil, therefore it
is ultimately up to the reader to decide if they believe in the reality of
evil.

why was the boss mad at george and lennie?

In chapter 2 of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and
Men, we witness the arrival of George and Lennie to the ranch. As previously
seen, George and Lennie have had considerable obstacles leaving their previous town on
account of Lennie's limited cognitive abilities, which result in his getting into
trouble for causing accidents from which they have to escape
later.

When they finally arrive, the first person who tells
them about the boss being angry at them is Candy, the custodian of the ranch. He tells
George that the boss was expecting them the night before, and not later. However, Candy
also says that the boss is a "pretty nice fella".

This is
also the part of the story when George and Lennie have their first encounter with Curley
shortly thereafter, and the moment when Curley notices George's speaking on behalf of
Lennie every time Curley asks a question. Immediately, there was a bad rapport between
the boss and the men which will last until the very end of the
story.

What suspicious details about the red headed league did Mr/ Wilson fail to recognize?

Wilson should have seen that the office of this supposedly
important organization established by a millionaire was very sparsely furnished. There
was only one room, and nothing in it but one table, one chair, and a bookcase with only
one volume of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Wilson repeatedly tells
Holmes and Watson that he is a very stay-at-home man, that he seldom gets out for weeks
at a time, that he is very poorly informed about the outside world, etc. This no doubt
is intended to explain why he is not made suspicious by the temporary look of the little
office. He doesn't know what offices usually look like. The two crooks want to make sure
he stays in the room; they don't want him talking to other tenants and learning that
they know nothing about any League of Red-Headed Men.

If
the League of Red-Headed Men was such an important institution, Wilson might have
wondered why this Duncan Ross didn't have his own private office in the building and
perhaps why he didn't have a secretary or an assistant. After all, Wilson himself has
only a tiny business but hires an assistant. They must have given him the
Encyclopedia Britannica to copy in order to keep his mind so
occupied that he wouldn't be asking himself questions or thinking of asking questions of
other people in the building. He quickly learns a lot when the so-called League of
Red-Headed Men is dissolved and he starts doing some
investigating.

How is the theme of "liminality" shown throughout Coleridge's epic poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.

"Liminality" is described very much like a philosophical
"rite of passage:"

readability="5">

...being on the "threshold" of or between two
different existential
planes...

In Coleridge's
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, this concept can be seen in
several ways. It is important to remember that as a Romantic writer, Coleridge stressed
(among other things in this epic poem) a return to nature—having a respect for
nature.

The mariner who narrates the story of his strange,
heart-wrenching and life-altering experiences at sea stands several times on a
"threshold" between one "plane" and another. We see it when he chooses to sacrifice the
peace and happiness he has known when he kills the albatross; when his fate is in the
balance, pulled between life and death; and, later as he moves from a place of ignorance
and disregard for nature, to an enlightened existence that honors nature, though he
still suffers for his lack of respect
earlier.

The mariner tells of sailing on a ship which is
accompanied by an albatross—a large sea bird.

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At length did cross an
Albatross:

Thorough the fog it
came;

As if it had been a Christian
soul,

We hailed it in God's name.
(62-65)

But one day, the
mariner shoots the bird with his bow—for no good reason. This changes his luck and that
of all the members of the crew:

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...With my
cross-bow

I shot the Albatross.
(80-81)

Soon the weather
changes, and conditions on the ship become dire, especially due to a lack of water—hence
the following famous lines:

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Water, water, every
where,

And all the boards did
shrink;

Water, water, every
where,

Nor any drop to drink.
(116-119)

It is at this point
that the ship's crew punishes the mariner by hanging the dead albatross around his neck.
As things grow worse, the men see a sail, but it is a ghost ship. (This represents an
element of the supernatural in the story.) It is here that Death
and Life-in-Death throw dice to see who will win the souls of which
sailors. Life-in-Death "wins" the mariner. This is another
threshold on which the mariner stands—between living and dying. While the others die,
he is spared.

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The Night-Mare LIFE-IN-DEATH was
she,

Who thicks man's blood with
cold.

The naked hulk alongside
came,

And the twain were casting
dice;

“The game is done! I've won! I've won!”
(190-194)

The mariner stands
on the brink of the last threshold for some time. He watches as each of the two hundred
other sailors drops dead on the deck, including his own nephew. The mariner is becalmed
on the ship—with no water—and with all his dead shipmates. However, the mariner begins
to watch the creatures in the sea, and in the moment he blesses them, he is able to
pray; the bird falls from around his neck; the winds pick up; and, it begins to
rain.

Beyond
the shadow of the ship...

I watched the
water-snakes… (269-270)

O happy living things! no
tongue

Their beauty might
declare:

A spring of love gushed from my
heart,

And I blessed them
unaware…

The selfsame moment I could pray...
(279-285)

Though the mariner
is eventually saved (when beings of light—angels?—inhabit the dead sailors and they all
sail the ship home), the mariner's punishment continues—even as he has crossed this last
"threshold" into an awareness of the beauty of nature: for as long as he lives, whenever
he meets someone who is as he once was, his heart "burns" in his
chest until he call tell his story, to change the heart of
another.

How can integration be achieved within organisations?

If you are speaking of vertical integration, this is most
often achieved by a company acquiring some of its key suppliers and bringing them
in-house. This is done to lessen the risk exposure the firm has to a supplier failing,
being a acquired by a competitor, or having a drop in quality of the materials supplied.
The acquiring company now also gains control over the inputs to its products, but
benefits from the profit margins on those inputs.

A firm
that does not sell directly to the consumer can integrate downward as well, by acquiring
or creating its own channels to the consumer. It may purchase its distributors or open
its own stores depending on the nature of the business they are in. This integration
also removes risk for the firm by securing the direct path to market and ensuring
ongoing sales, particularly if a distributor is in a potential conflict of interest by
another company it distributes expanding its product line into an area that other firms
are already in.

What was the Great Depression, and what effects did it have?

This is a big question, and like a lot of big questions it
is fairly complex in terms of giving an answer.  I am going to guess that you are
interested in a general overview, and because you posted it originally in the
"literature" category that the question is related to a book you are reading and
therefore you don't need to know all the gory details but just the greatest
hits.

The "Great Depression" (as it is now known) generally
started in 1929.  It is known as "great" not because it was awesome but because it was
so big.  Indeed, it affected many parts of the world in negative ways and lasted up
until World War II.

To make a long story manageable, the
"Great Depression" was a period of economic history where productivity went down,
markets collapsed, and unemployment skyrocketed.  It is similar to what America has been
experiencing for the last few years, but on a much more horrible scale (that's why ours
is simply the "Great Recession.")

There are different
explanations as to why the economy tanked at the end of the 1920's.  At the heart of it
was a big drop in the money supply caused by both people and governmental policy.  There
was a stock market "crash" in 1929 (known as Black Friday) that wiped out the fortunes
of many people, a good number of whom had borrowed the money that they'd used to invest
in the first place.  Within a year the market had begun to reverse itself, but people
were still wary of spending money and chose to keep it or pay off
debt.

The problem with this (as you hear people talking
about even in our situation now) was that people spent less money and so there was a
drop in demand for products. When demand goes down, you don't need as many workers to
make things so you lay them off.  Those laid off people don't spend money, so demand
goes down more.  It becomes a terrible cycle. Prices drop, a phenomenon known as
deflation, and though it sounds like a good thing it really
depresses everybody.  Wages go down, property values go down, and profits go
down.

The government made things worse at the time, at
least initially.  This is another one that ties in with today.  Conventional wisdom is
that when the economy starts to slow and "deflate" the government should step in and
spend money like a shot of adrenaline to a misfiring heart.  During the Great
Depression, though, the government didn't do this.

Added to
this was an awful drought known as "The Dust Bowl" (people back then liked to think of
clever names, didn't they?)  This destroyed a great deal of farmland and left many
farmers broke and homeless.  Unfortunately, there were no jobs in the city available and
they mostly slipped into grueling poverty.

As for
consequences, imagine this: You buy a house for $10,000.  You make $1 an hour.  Because
of deflation, your house is now worth $7,000 and you make .60 an hour.  Sill, you are
paying on the original $10,000 you borrowed.  You are worse off, even though things have
gotten cheaper.

So there you have it.  Depression caused by
a collapse of the monetary system coupled with supply and demand problems.  The result
was poverty, unemployment, and misery.  There's more to it, but that's the gist in a
nutshell.

Is Robert Frost a poet of sadness?

While one could consider Robert Frost's poetry sad,
another could consider his poetry thought
provoking.

Questions like this will always get different
answers. The question can only be answered by individual readers and, with each reader,
interpretation of the poems will differ.

Many of Frost's
poems do depict imagery which could cause one to interpret the poem's mood as one which
elicits sadness. Time after time, Frost's poems show life ending, love lost, and
solitude. Given that many would interpret these events as sad, others could look at them
as events which speak to a new life. One of Frost's poems "Spring Pools" certainly shows
the promise of new life coming with the onset of
spring.

Overall, based upon the reoccurring themes and
imagery in his poetry, one could justify calling him a poet of
sadness.

Why does Irving frame the stroy of Rip Van Winkle? How must we willingly "suspend our disbliefs"?

"Rip Van Winkle" is a frame narrative because the narrator
is on objective third person who tells the reader the story  ‘‘was found among the
papers of the late Diedrich Knickerbocker" who was known to have spent most of his life
researching Dutch history. This adds a certain feeling of authenticty to the story. 
Instead of just saying "Hey, I heard this story" Irving's narrator adds credibilty to
the story's origin.

As the reader we must suspend disblief
when we realize Rip Van Winkle has slept for 20 years.  Obviously this could not happen,
but it's important for the message of the story to have him sleep this long while the
world around him changes.

In James Thurber's story "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty," are Walter and Mrs. Mitty "round" or "flat" characters and are they dynamic or static?

“Round” characters in fiction are complex; “flat”
characters are simple. “Dynamic” characters develop in some significant ways during the
course of a work; “static” characters do not.  Are the main characters in James
Thurber’s story “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty” flat and static, or are they round and
dynamic? One might presume that the characters in Thurber’s comic story are more flat
and static than they are round and dynamic, but the story is worth a closer
look.

Of the two characters, Mitty seems rounder and more
dynamic.  After all, Mrs. Mitty appears in the story only during brief intervals, and
her personality doesn’t seem to change or develop much, even by the standards of a brief
comic tale.  She is pretty much the same nagging wife at the end of the story as she was
at the beginning.

Mitty, on the other hand, shows
considerable imagination and inventiveness; his fantasies are diverse and lively; he
even invents other interesting people to populate them; and, even though his fantasies
reflect his familiarity with various popular narrative genres (and are in that sense
predictable), they suggest that Mitty is a far more complex character than his wife.  We
see far more sides of Walter’s mental make-up than we see of Mrs.
Mitty’s.

By the same token, Mitty can be said to develop in
some ways during the course of the story.  Although he moves from one fantasy to the
next, he becomes a bit more assertive by the end of the tale than he had been at the
beginning, especially when he asks his wife,

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"Does it ever occur to you that I am sometimes
thinking?"

Here he stands up
for himself – if only briefly and quietly – in a way he had not done earlier, when he
seemed far more passive.

Mitty also seems to develop as a
character in the sense that by the end of the story he is imagining not only his bravery
but also his possible death:

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Then, with that faint, fleeting smile playing
about his lips, he faced the firing squad; erect and motionless, proud and disdainful,
Walter Mitty the Undefeated, inscrutable to the
last.

This sentence – the
final sentence of the tale – suggests, perhaps, that Mitty may be suffering more deeply
from his rather hum-drum ordinary life than was suggested at first.  Earlier Mitty had
been mainly a cause for laughter (and perhaps also some empathy) in the reader.  By this
point in the tale, however, a more serious, ominous, slightly disturbing element creeps
in. The final sentence is tinged with a bit of poignant irony and adds some real
complexity not only to Mitty’s character but also to the story
itself.

Few people would claim, of course, that the Mittys
are anywhere nearly as complicated and dynamic as, say, the characters in Faulkner
novel. They were never meant to be.  But neither are they as flat and static as they
could have been, and this is particularly true of Walter Mitty, whose imagination allows
him to achieve a kind of complexity he doesn’t display in “real”
life.

Please explain the following quote from The Rape of the Lock.With varying vanities, from every part, They shift the moving toyshop of their heart.

This is a famous quote that actually comes from Canto I of
this excellent mock epic, which presents us with the supernatural background that goes
on behind the "amorous affairs" that occur between mortals. We are told that so much of
the influence for these affairs of the heart are actually caused or helped on their way
by a whole group of sylphs, who "contrive it all," and convince the mortals that it is
just "levity" that makes them act in such foolish ways.

The
key way in which they influence mortals is through the "varying vanities" of their art,
which allows them to "shift the moving toyshop of their heart." This is a curious
metaphor to use, but it does emphasise the childish and fickle nature of the mortals,
indirectly commenting upon their maturity and actions, by describing the heart of these
mortals as firstly "moving," indicating that they are constantly changing in their
affections, and secondly as a "toyshop," indicating that their heart is childish and is
not mature in terms of emotions such as love.

List the main factors that alter the speed of enzymatic reactions.

There are five main factors which affect the rate of
enzyme-mediated reactions.

1) Enzyme concentration. Adding
enzyme molecules will speed up the reaction, until a saturation point is
reached.

2) Substrate concentration. Assuming sufficient
enzyme concentration, adding substrate molecules will increase the rate, again until
saturation is reached.

3) Temperature. Reactions occur
faster at warmer temperatures because the rate of collisions between molecules
increases. However, if the temperature gets too hot the enzyme may denature and fail to
function. All enzymes have an optimal temperature range determined by these two
factors.

4) pH level. Enzymes also have an optimal pH
level; if the environmental pH is too high or too low, the fold structure of the enzyme
may be affected, causing the molecule to change shape and lose
functionality.

5) Concentration of salts in the medium.
Again, there is an optimal range, outside which the enzyme molecules may
denature.

How do you test the effectiveness of preservatives?

The easiest way to test the effectiveness of a particular
preservative would be to add this item to its intended food product and wait.  The
preservative would be considered effective if it kept the food from spoiling.  Of
course, most companies would now also conduct bacterial contamination tests.  Government
agencies, like the FDA, help regulate the definition of what constitutes spoiled and
safe food products.  In order for the test to be valid, it must be tightly controlled. 
Items containing the preservative would have to be closely monitored and regulated. 
Each sample would need to be subjected to the exact same conditions in order to be
compared with a sample that does not contain the preservative.  While testing consumer
grade preservatives can be a lengthy process, the concept is as a simple as following
the scientific method.

What are examples of comic relief in To Kill a Mockingbird?

There are scattered examples of humor throughout
To Kill a Mockingbird, and it is one of the elements that has kept
the novel so popular through the years. My favorite
examples:

• JEM'S LOST
  PANTS.  One comes when Jem appears in the street not realizing he is
  standing in his underwear. He is saved by Dill's quick thinking, contriving a story that
  they have been playing "strip poker," though it is unlikely that any of the children
  understand the term.


• MR.
  AVERY.  Jem, Dill and Scout were witnesses to an event that
  only happened once, but they were awed by the performance given by Mr. Avery, who was a
  boarder on the Finches' street. One night they saw Mr. Avery on his porch along with "an
  arc of water descending from the leaves and splashing in the yellow circle of the street
  light..." The boys apparently entered into a peeing contest of their own, of which Scout
  felt "left out again, as I was untalented in this
  area."

What does it mean when Hale says "Private vengeance is working through this testimony."I really need someone to help explain this quote to me!!

In Act III John Proctor, Francis Nurse, and Giles Corey
come to the court with what they think is strong enough evidence to prove that the girls
are frauds.  However, this point the court has already executed several convicted
witches, and countless more have been imprisoned.  Because of this the court is not open
to hearing testimony that goes against their
rulings.

Putnam is using the case as an attempt to gain
land and power.  Hale warns the courts to be careful with his testimony.  He realizes
Putnam is using the trial as a personal opportunity and not trying to save the girls
from their affliction with witches.

In The Devil's Arithmetic, why didn't Hannah/Chaya have any clothes of her own?

Let us remember what happened to Chaya and why she had to
move to live with Gitl. Her parents both died from a highly contagious disease, which
meant that the doctors orderered all of their belongings to be burnt to ashes to insure
that the disease did not spread. This of course resulted in Chaya being left without
hardly anything to take with her. Thus Chaya has to borrow clothes from Gitl. Note that
she is going to wear one of Gitl's dresses for the wedding, and also note what Gitl
tells Chaya/Hannah and us to help us be aware of what has
happened:

You
will wear the dress I wore as a child for Shmuel's Bar Mitzvah. He was so handsome--and
so nervous. Just like today. It is too bad that your wonderful clothes from Lublin had
to be burned along with your bedding, but the doctors said they carried the disease. As
you arrived just two days ago, there was no time to make anything
else.

This is therefore why
Hannah/Chaya has no clothes of her own and is forced to wear what Gitl provides for
her.

What is Hawthorne's purpose of introducing the strong imagery regarding the prison door?

The prison door stands as a focus of the town's hypocrisy
and behind it one of its newest scapegoats.  The door is old, weathered and rusted which
adds to the dark and gloomy tone established in the first chapter.  Similarly, a
collection of weeds, withered and thorny, encompass the door, giving it an unappealing
and unkempt appearance, as if whomever was behind the door was not worth an ounce of
care.

In contrast to these dark, dead images stands the
rose bush with its singular bloom.  This element of beauty seems to give the prisoner,
and perhaps even society, an element of hope despite its gray and foreboding
surrounding.

To whom did Maryland's toleration act grant religious freedom?Please answer, asap. Thank you.

The short answer to this is that the Maryland Act of
Toleration gave religious freedom to all Christians but not to anyone
else.

This law was meant to protect the religious freedom
of various Christian sects.  Maryland was settled by Catholics wanting to escape
religious animosity in England.  They realized they would need Protestant settlers as
well in order to have a viable colony.  This was a major reason for the creation of the
Act of Toleration.

In this act, all Christians were given
religious freedom.  The act said that no one

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... professing to beleive in Jesus Christ, shall
from henceforth bee any waies troubled, Molested or discountenanced for or in respect of
his or her religion...

This
protected the right of all Christians to believe and to worship as they
wished.

However, those who were not Christian were not
protected.  In fact, they were at least officially subject to the death penalty.  The
act said that anyone who would

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... deny our Saviour Jesus Christ to bee the
sonne of God, or shall deny the holy Trinity the father sonne and holy
Ghost...

would be subject to
penalties such as

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... death and confiscation or forfeiture of all
his or her lands and
goods...

From this, it is
clear that religious toleration was extended only to Christians.

What does the poet mean when he says ' treat them just the same'?

In the poem "If" by Kipling, the speaker states that we
should treat the two imposters the same:

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If you can meet with triumph and disaster

And treat those two imposters just the
same;

The speaker is stating
that triumph and disaster are the both imposters. This means that triumph may not be
a victorious moment in which to celebrate. Hitler was triumphant, but his victory was
really a disaster. In this way of looking at triumph, it is easy to see that Hitler's
triumphant victory was an imposter. He celebrated a horrible event. Ultimately, his
triumph changed to defeat. When the Americans moved in on his soldiers, he lost the
battle and ended his life in suicide.

Disaster can be
determined an imposter as well. When something tragic is turned around for good, the end
result can be a blessing (Romans: 8:28). Suppose a person loses his home in fire, the
second home can be built much nicer and more spacious. This terrible beginning can have
a happy ending. In this way, disaster can be turned into a
blessing.

What the speaker is saying is that the reader
should be careful in his or her interpretation of any event. What appears to be a
triumph can really be a disaster, and what appears to be a disaster can really be a
blessing. Therefore, the speaker's suggestion is to treat both triumph and disaster the
same. It is up to the reader to interpret both imposters for what they
are.  

Prove that every positive integer different from 1 can be expressed as a product of a non negative power of 2 and an odd number.

It is clear that any odd number can be written as the
product of a non-negative power of 2 and an odd number. Let n be an odd number. Then n =
2^0 * n = 1 * n = n.

For even numbers, we can take
advantage of the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. The Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic states that every integer can be written as the product of prime
numbers.

It follows directly that an even number n will
have 2 as a prime factor. Let n be an even number, and the prime factorization of n =
(2^k * p1 * ... * pn), where k is some positive integer, and p1, ..., pn are primes.
Since p1, ..., pn are prime numbers greater than two, they are necessarily odd,
therefore their product is also odd. Thus n can be written as the product of a power of
two and an odd number.

Note that is n is a power of two, it
can simply be written as n = 2^k * 1, since 1 is an odd number.

Who was John Dickinson?

A member of the Continental Congress and the President of
both Delaware and Pennsylvania, John Dickinson (1732-1808)
was one of the most important political leaders of the American Revolution. A native of
Maryland, Dickinson was one of the wealthiest men in America; his father owned more than
12,000 acres in Delaware and Maryland. A member of the First and Second Continental
Congress, Dickinson opposed colonial independence, and he refused to sign the
Declaration. He served as a brigadier general of Pennsylvania militia for a short time
before returning to politics. He became the President of Delaware (1781-1782) before
being elected President of Pennsylvania (1782-1785), being reelected twice by the
state's Supreme Executive Council. He later returned to Delaware politics, and upon his
death, Thomas Jefferson stated:

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"A more estimable man, or truer patriot, could
not have left us."

Dickinson
College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, is named after him.

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's short story "Young Goodman Brown," how does the setting affect the characters and theme?

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story “Young Goodman
Brown,” setting is relevant to character and theme in a number of ways, including the
following:

• The reference to “sunset” in the
  opening sentence of the story is an example of foreshadowing.  Brown is about to enter a
  period of his life that will be both literally and figuratively darker than his
  past.


• The opening sentence also refers to “Salem village”
  – the community from which Brown will later feel cut off as a result of his experiences
  in the forest.


• Brown’s journey into the forest is a
  journey into both literal and symbolic darkness – darkness that is both moral and
  psychological.


• Brown worries that there “may be a
  devilish Indian behind every tree” in the forest – not stopping to consider the
  possibility that evil impulses may reside within his own
  soul.


• At one point, the mysterious stranger whom Brown
  meets in the forest says of Brown’s father and
  grandfather,

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They were my good friends, both; and many a
pleasant walk have we had along this path, and returned merrily after
midnight.

The “path”
mentioned here is not only the literal path through the forest but the metaphorical path
of life itself.

• Later, in the midst of the dark
  forest, Brown perceives flames rising from a rock that seems to be serving as a kind of
  altar or pulpit.  The narrator then
  notes:

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As the red light arose and fell, a numerous
congregation alternately shone forth, then disappeared in shadow, and again grew, as it
were, out of the darkness, peopling the heart of the solitary woods at
once.

Brown perceives this
setting as a kind of symbolic parody of the church and church services he is accustomed
to attending in the village. He begins to believe that all the other residents of his
town are evil. In one sense, he is right: standard Christian doctrine teaches that all
people are innately corrupted by sin.  Brown, however, now sees figurative darkness
everywhere, and presumes to judge it, especially after he returns to the literal and
figurative light of the village. In a metaphorical sense, however, he thus never really
returns from his journey into the darkness. The rest of his life is darkened by his dark
perceptions of everyone else around him, including his wife, Faith. Little wonder, then,
that the story ends literally in a graveyard, symbolic of the death of Brown’s
figurative and spiritual death:

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they carved no hopeful verse upon his tombstone,
for his dying hour was gloom.