At the start of the war, the Germans implemented the
Schlieffen Plan. They fought through Belgium quickly (they had hoped to be allowed free
passage but were not) and then hit France. In the meantime, the French were attacking
into Alsace-Lorraine in the South, they had initial success but were then thrown back by
counterattacks.
The French, by then joined by the British
Expeditionary Force, then concentrated their power in the north to try to stop the
German attack that had come in through Belgium and the Ardennes. They were slowly
pushed back, but at that point, it became clear that the Schlieffen Plan would not work
as implemented. The Germans had not put enough manpower into their attack and their
supply lines were stretched and vulnerable.
Once the
initial German thrust was stopped, the "race to the sea" ensued. In this process, each
army tried to get around the other's flank and advance. This series of flanking
maneuvers ended when the armies got near the sea (at the First Battle of Ypres) and
winter set in.
From there, things devolved into trench
warfare.
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