Is the US Constitution a form of government which has a bicameral legislature, strong central government, yet leaving powers to the states, and 3...

The question is a bit confusing.  I think the answer is
"yes," but here's why.

The legislature is divided into two
sections, the House of Representatives and the Senate, thus a bicameral legislature. 
Bills that become law need to pass votes in both sections.  The representatives of the
House are elected by district and are allocated according to the number of citizens in
the state.  Thus a more populous state, New York for example, will have more reps than a
less populous state like Nebraska.  In contrast, there are two senators for every state
regardless of population or size.

The three branch system
refers to the division of government into the legislature, presidency, and supreme
court.  The three parts provide a system of "checks and balances" that doesn't allow any
one part to become too powerful.

The U.S. does have a
strong central government, but many important legislative decisions are made on the
level of the state.  For example, the federal government says that a state must provide
for the education of its young citizens, but the individual state may make decisions
about the curriculum or how that education will be funded.  Therefore these things
differ from state to state.